| Potato is the world’s number-four grain crop after wheat and corn. China owns the largest planting area of potato and the highest yield of fresh potato worldwide. However, the low level of mechanization and low production efficiency seriously restrict the development of potato industry in China. Currently, the most widely-used potato harvest machineries in China are small-scale harvester. Potatoes need to be picked up artificially after machinery operation. The labor intensity is high. Besides, after the potato harvesting, a lot of plastic film will be left in the field and covered in soil. Through long-term accumulation, the residual plastic film will lead to reduction in potato production. Meanwhile, it will cause "White Pollution", which will destroy the ecological balance. Nonetheless, the plastic film recycling by this time will waste a lot of manpower and material resources. So far, there is no mature machinery which can combine the potato harvesting and the plastic film recycle in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a kind of compound operating machinery which can harvest potatoes efficiently and completely as well as recycle the plastic film.To solve the above problem, this study designed a kind of compound crawler-type operating machinery for potato harvesting and plastic film recycle, which can accomplish potato digging, transporting separately and collecting box operation as well as the plastic film recycle at the same time. The method of combining agricultural machinery and agronomy is adopted in this study. This machine consists of six parts, which are drivetrain components, crawler chassis, plastic film recycling mechanism, mining mechanism, separation conveying mechanism and potato container. During the operation, the lifting device put the plastic film recycling mechanism and mining mechanism down. The plastic film is introduced artificially to the middle of film collecting roller and driven roller. When the machine goes forward, the loosening shovel dives into the bottom of the edge of the film to loosen the soil and to lift the film. The soil shaking wheel shakes off the soil on the plastic film. The motor drives the film drive rollers in rolling, assisted with the artificial monitoring, transporting the film to the film box. Meanwhile, the digging shovel scoops up the potato ridge. The mixture of potato and soil are sent into the separation conveyor over extended grid, vibrated, separated and transported by the separation conveyor. The separated potatoes are sent into the potato container and uploaded after the potato container is filled up.Through the film tensile test, tensile test of taking film and fracture test, we can provide a theoretical basis for the design of plastic film recycling mechanism. SolidWorks 2012 is used to model all component parts and virtual assembly model. SolidWorks simulation and SolidWorks motion is used to simulate the key parts, to ensure its reliability and make the structure more reasonable.The design adopts a floating type synchronous film collecting apparatus. The collecting speed is adjustable, which can solve the problem of pulling film and breakage. A combined shovel is designed, which can reduce resistance and prevent hilling. Through the depth limiting device, we can make the mining depth between 100 mm-300 mm and shovel surface penetration angle between 18°～25°. |
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