Research On Optimized Fertilization Of Apple Orchard

Weibei Highland is the main apple producing areas in Shaanxi. It has uniquegeographical and climatic conditions, which is consistently identified as optimal suitable areafor apple production both at home and abroad. In recent years, with the increasing of incomefrom apples, orchard fertilization is generally accepted by farmers. Compound fertilizer hasmore comprehensive nutrients, and easier and convenient to use. Therefore it becomes thefirst choice for most orchard farmers. But there have varieties compound fertilizer, and itsquality is uneven in the market. And farmers’ choice on fertilizer has great blindness andrandomness. The phenomenon of irrational structure and nutrient imbalance generally existsin apple orchard Therefore, effects of different fertilizer on yield and quality of Apple, and theimpacts on tree growth and soil fertility in orchard has become a research hotspot.In this study, the Fuji apple（Malus pumila Mil）in the whole fruit period was used as testmaterial. A fertilization treatment was selected for the comparison tests. Then the varations oforchard soil, apple trees, and yield and fruit quality have been researched with differentfertilizations. The main conclusions are the following:1. Through the scientific optimized fertilization of apple screening test to draw thefollowing conclusions:(1) Apple special fertilizer (20-12-8) application could help plant growth, and increasedthe amount of fruit and fruit weight, and yield.(2) Application of apple special fertilizer (20-12-8) and organic fertilizer and foliarfertilizer (T4) had the highest yield, compared with no fertilizer and compound fertilizer(15-15-15) was obviously increased by33.3%and27.0%. But it had little effects on internalquality of apple. Application of apple special fertilizer (20-12-8) and organic fertilizer couldimprove soil available phosphorus, potassium and organic matter than the single applicationof fertilizer in0-40cm. No difference was found in available nitrogen of soil, which may bedue to leaching of nitrate. T4reduced production costs with its fertilizer reduced by1/3, and itwas Selected for the improved fertilition.2. Through the scientific optimized fertilization of apple comparison tests to draw thefollowing conclusions: (1) Improved optimized fertilization could increase leaf thickness and quality, increasedspecific leaf weight and chlorophyll, enhance tree photosynthesis, promoted its dry matteraccumulation, but the effects were not significant.(2) The improved optimized fertilization can significantly increase the fruit setting rateand fruit size and yield. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the fruit setting rateincreased by58.3%~97.3%, and compared with the using optimized fertilization it increasedby28.1%~139.9%. The Improve and using optimized fertilization were significantlyincreased fruit weight, and improve optimized fertilization had the biggest fruit. The applereached up to270.41g. The average yield reached up to89.71kg per tree, and compared withthe using fertilization and conventional fertilization increased respectively by17.9%and18.4%.(3) All the3treatments had fruit shape index in0.85~0.88, which has reached thestandard of high quality fruit. Improve fertilization could slightly improve the ratio of sugar toacid. With the increase of N content in compound fertilizer, the hardness decreased, but thedifference was not significant. Compared with the conventional fertilization, improve andusing fertilization had no obviously effects on quality, thus proportion of fertilizer needsfurther improvement.(4) Improve fertilization could significantly increase available N in20-40cm soil and Pin0-20cm soil. Due to the special fertilizer (20-12-8) has low ratio of K2O, the improvefertilization was not conducive to improving the soil available K. The organic fertilizer had noobviously effect on soil organic matter. It may be related to the fertilizer deficiency.In short, application of apple special fertilizer (20-12-8) and organic fertilizer and foliarfertilizer (10-30-20) is a relatively ideal fertilization scheme. It could promote the growth ofleaves and spring shoot, and increased the accumulation of dry matter, and the fruit size. Thenet benefits were up to73337.6yuan/hm2.With the fertilization apple yield was increasedvery significantly. More over, it could improve soil available N, P and organic matter. Butwhich was not conducive to improving the soil available K and apple quality. Proportion offertilizer needs further improvement.