Investigation Of Apple Fertilizer Market And Studies On The Application Effects Of Apple Specific Formula Fertilizer In Shandong Province

As the necessary major element for the growth and development of fruit tree, N、P and K were significancly important for apple production. This study investigated the characteristics of shandong apple fertilizer market, and analyzed the fertilization habit, and the effects of apple special formula fertilizer on tree growth and fruit yield and quality. The main results were as follows:1 In shandong apple fertilizer market, N: P2O5: K2 O = 15-15-15 was the most common fertilizer type, followed by N: P2O5: K2 O = 18-7-15(13.6%), fertilizer which had high nitrogen and potassium but low phosphorus nuturient was very common. 66.1% of fertilizer in market was the total NPK nutrients content was 45%, followed by the total nutrient content was 40%, 46%, 42% and 30% of the fertilizer accounted for 15.3%, 8.5%, 5.1% and 8.5%,respectively, and the fertilizer witih total NPK nutrients content 28% accounted for only 1.6%.There were many factors affect the grower’s choosen about fertilizer, of which the dealer’s recommendation accounted for the largest proportion of 28.32%; second is the advertising of fertilizer manufacturer, accounting for 22.46%; Listen to expert advice or books only accounted for 6.52%.2 The average apple planting area is only 0.34 hm2 per family, and the minimum is 0.07hm2,the maximum area is 2.67 hm2. Overall, organic fertilizer application rate was insufficient,and only 37.7% of the investigated apple orchards was using organic fertilizer. Nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O application rate were about 795.26 ~ 933.30 kg/hm2, 450.16 ~ 580.94 kg/hm2, and450.45 ~ 846.43 kg/hm2.The NPK fertilizer proportion in Jiaodong peninsula apple orchards NPK fertilizer proportion was 1-0.62-0.91, while the proportion was 1-0.57-0.57 in Lu Zhongnan district.3 Compared with farmers’ custom treatment(CK), leaf area and chlorophyll relative content increased by 16.74%, 8.71% and 11.17%, 7.86% in specific formula fertilizer(SF)+specific formula fertilizer + adjustment treatment(SF+A), respectively. Total nitrogen of leaves of the three treatments decreased rapidly, and then decreased slowly, and then decreased rapidly again. Total nitrogen of leaves was highest at sprouting period and lowest after harvest. The stage decreased slowly of SF+A and SF were longer than CK, and decreased rapidly after harvest. Total nitrogen of leaves of CK decreased rapidly at first fruit rapid-swelling stage. Dynamics of total phosphorus was the same with total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of SF+A and SF were higher than CK. Total potassium of the three treatments was a downward trend in annual cycle, and total potassium of SF+A and SF werehigher than CK.The highest fruit weight and yield were found in SF+A, followed by SF, CK was the lowest, and there was no significant difference between SF+A and SF, but both the SF+A and SF were significantly higher than the CK. The order of soluble solids content was:SF+A>SF>CK, and the difference was significant between the three treatments. Compared with CK, SF and SF +A can save fertilizer input by 419 yuan/mu and 344 yuan/mu, increase the income by 704 and 1108 yuan/mu, respectively.