Effects Of Water-fertilizer Optimization Management On The Yield,Quality And Water Use Efficiency Of Apple On Weibei Plateau

Fuji apple is the main economic crop in Weibei dry-land, Water shortage and nutrientdeficiency restrict the development of agriculture in arid areas, so the key issues is how tostrengthen the management of water and fertilizer. Searching for effective measures toimprove the water and nutrient use efficiency, obtain high and stable yield and improve soilquality is the focus of this paper.In this study, we set fuji apple field experiments in Shoushiu County, Kexian County andTianjiawa Village, Shaanxi Province during October2012to October2013. The fieldexperiment was carried out to study the effects of the farmers’ patterns, existing patterns andoptimized patterns on the fuji apple yield, water use efficiency, soil quality. The research wasto provide theoretical basis for the cultivation measures of apple yield and resource usingefficiency and the sustainable in arid areas. The main conclusions included:1The optimized patterns could increase the yield significantly. The results showed that,the maximum yield was42645kg/ha in the optimized patterns which was37.41%,21.75%higher than average farmers，patterns27119kg/ha and average existing mode30605kg/ha.2The optimized patterns could increase the soil water content significantly. The resultsshowed that in0-200cm soil as for soil average water content, the optimized mode was thehighest among3treatments, the farmers，mode third during June to September. In all growthperiod, the200cm soil water storage was increased, while the optimized mode was higherthan the other modes respectively for200cm soil water storage inter-row and around treetrunks. The grass covering inter-row, black film mulch around tree trunks and organicfertilizer application could improve the soil water storage more.3The optimized patterns could increase the WUE significantly. The results showed that,the maximum WUE was103.18kg/(mm· ha) in the optimized patterns which was58.05%,30.90%higher than average farmers，patterns58.44kg/(mm· ha) and average existingpatterns69.53kg/(mm· ha) significantly. The optimized patterns could depress the total waterconsumption of fuji apple. The grass covering inter-row, black film mulch around tree trunksand organic fertilizer application could improve WUE more. 4The optimized patterns could increase the Soil nutrient significantly In the0~40cmsoil, compared with the farmers’ patterns and existing patterns, the total N of optimizedpatterns increased by6.81%and5.97%, the available K of optimized patterns increased by46.80%and19.79%significantly, the organic matter content and the available P higher thanother treatments. While there were not significant differences in20~40cm soil.5The optimized patterns could improve fruit quality，but did not have obvious change onthe quality of fruit tree leaves and water content. Fruit hardness, vitamin C and titratable acidcontent of optimized patterns were increased trend, for the effects of soluble sugar were notobvious.The results showed that the optimized patterns which integrate grass covering inter-row,black film mulch around tree trunks and organic manure could improve the yield, WUE, fruitquality and the economic benefits significantly compared to famers’ patterns in Weibeidry-land. The optimized patterns was ideally efficient water and fertilizer managementcultivation pattern. It was worth to expending...