Comparative Study On Daily Activity Budget And Social Behavior Of Rhesus Macaques Under Different Raising Conditions

Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is the most widely distributed non-humanprimates. It is the largest primate species which is been fed in laboratories, zoos andwildlife park. Study of activity budget and social behavior of rhesus macaques underdifferent raising conditions is the basis of conservation biology and sociobiology, andit is one of the important indicators to evaluate the impact of human activities on themacaques.After comparative studies on activity budget and social behavior of rhesusmacaques under different raising conditions, we could know what survive strategythey will chose under different conditions and which will influent the chose. Themain content of this research and the results are as follows.1The daily time budget and time allocation of rhesus macaques: from Octoberto November of2013, we observe and record data of behaviors on Wednesday andweekend by using instantaneous scan sampling in Zhengzhou Zoo and JiyuanWulongkou scenic spot. The results of the study are as follows:1) The rhesus macaques have different daily time budget between ZhengzhouZoo and Wulongkou scenic spot. There are two feeding Peaks of the study troop inZhengzhou Zoo no matter Wednesday or weekend; they are closely related to hurlfood by feeder. There are three feeding peaks of the study troop in Wulongkou scenicspot. Except the last one is related to hurl food by feeder, the other two feeding peaks are because of grazing or related to the tourists who hurl food. Resting behavior isdifferent from feeding behavior, before9:30all troop stay in resting behavior peak,during11:30-16:00the troop in Zhengzhou Zoo have high percent in resting behavior,during12:30-16:00the troop in Wulongkou scenic spot have high percent in restingbehavior.In different habitat: on Wednesday: adult male and infant have more feeding andresting percentage in Wulongkou scenic spot than in Zhengzhou Zoo, but have lesslocomotive percentage; adult female and juvenile have more feeding percentage inWulongkou scenic spot than in Zhengzhou Zoo, reducing the locomotive and restingpercentage;On Weekend: adult male and infant have more feeding and locomotivepercentage in Wulongkou scenic than in Zhengzhou Zoo, reducing the restingpercentage, there is less rest behavior; while adult female have less feedinglocomotive and resting percentage in Wulongkou scenic spot than in Zhengzhou Zoo,but grooming percentage far beyond the Zoo; juvenile have more feeding percentagein Wulongkou scenic spot than in Zhengzhou Zoo, but have less locomotive andresting percentage.Visitor numbers will increase feeding time percentage, reduce the locomotiveand resting percentage in Zhengzhou Zoo, in Wulongkou scenic spot it will reducefeeding percentage, increase locomotive and resting percentage.2The study of personality and behavioral sequence: from November2013toJanuary2014, we observe and record data from each8healthy males by focal animalsampling and continuous recording in Zhengzhou Zoo and Jiyuan Wulongkou scenicspot. We use behavior frequency and the cumulative time as variable, use principalcomponent analysis to classify the rhesus macaques into Bold and Shy. The results ofthe study are as follows:The core of the activity of rhesus macaques is working and sit alone inZhengzhou Zoo and Wulongkou scenic spot, but the bold have high frequent inbehavior transformation and the number of behaviors which often happened is morethan the shy, so the bold behavioral sequence look like a net, and the shy behavioralsequence looks like a line. The core of the activity of the bold and the shy is working and sit alone, the boldIn Wulongkou scenic spot have a more dense net than the bold in Zhengzhou Zoo, theshy behavioral sequence looks like a line in all place.In Zhengzhou Zoo, the overall behavior frequency between the bold and the shyis significant difference. In Wulongkou scenic spot, the overall behavior frequencybetween the bold and the shy is no significant difference.