Analysis Of The Macaca Mulatta Gut Microbes Diversity In Qianlingshan Park

The intestinal flora of primates is closely related to their nutrition and health.Different diets primates have differences at different degrees of intestinal flora,Macaca mulatta is a second-class protected animal in China,belongs to the omnivorous primate,has the characteristics of wide distribution,strong adaptability and close relationship with humans,the study of its intestinal flora can help deepen the understanding the primate diets adaptation,individual animals and their own heir own gut microbes cooperative coevolution and so on.The macaque population in Qianlingshan Park is an isolated population,developed mainly by artificial feeding over the past 35 years it mainly feeds on human food.This study takes Qian lingshan macaque population as the research object,collected fresh fecal samples of the Qilingshan macaques from adult individuals(n=4),youth(n=4)and infancy(n=4),analyzed them by high-throughput sequencing,and then metagenomic analysis the most representative samples selected from the four samples of each age group.At the same time,combined with the trait of the soil of the macaque fixed feeding,collected the soil for metagenomic analysis.In order to further understand the intestinal function of actinomycetes,collecting macaques individual adult(n = 2),youth(n = 2),infancy(n = 2)6 fresh fecal samples for antibiotics qualitative analysis.The main conclusions of the study:1)Analysis macaques intestinal flora at different age stages of high-throughput sequencing results showed that no significant difference between the Shannon index and the Simpson index reflecting the species diversity index(p>0.05);the Ace and Chao index reflecting the species richness index had significant differences.The richness index Ace infancy and young individuals(p=0.02)had significant differences,significant differences between young and adults individuals(p=0.01),differences between the adult and infancy significantly(p <0.01),index Chao infancy and young individuals(p=0.03)had significant differences,significant differences between young and adults individuals(p=0.03),differences between the adult and infancy significantly(p <0.03),it can be speculated that the intestinal flora of Qilingshan macaques after 1-1.5 years old,the structure of gut flora tends to stable community composition structure.2)With the growth and development of individuals,analysis the differences in bacterial structure at different age groups showed that the microflora related to cellulose degradation in young and adult stages richer in infancy stages,such as Fibrobacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae,but it with high abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria,such as: Enterococcus and Streptococcus.The structure of intestinal flora at adult stage is stable,and has a high abundance related to cellulose degradation.3)Compared with wild herbivorous and omnivorous primates,the intestinal flora of the macaques in Qilingshan Park,which was affected by artificial feeding,showed a similar structure to that of human,such as,at the gate level,the dominant species Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,the abundance ratio of the two are more than 90% on similar,the genus level the dominant specie is Prevotella,which can decompose pectin,starch and polysaccharides.4)Analysis the sequencing results of intestinal microbial metagenomics,the sequencing results of soil microbial macrogenes and metabolomics,revealing that the grazing behavior of the primate genus and the source of the intestinal flora has a direct connection,such as: there are 74.18% species overlap at the family level;the actinomycetes obtained from the soil by primates have metabolites bacteriostatic effects,especially the Bifidobacterium microorganisms enriched in the intestinal tract are involved in multiple antibiotics biosynthesis-related metabolic pathways,and these antibiotics have antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria that cause infection of host intestinal diseases,such as: Vancomycin has a strong inhibitory effect on Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus;Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic,it can inhibit Colibacillus,Helicobacter pylori and so on.