Research On The Aerobic Composting For Manure And The Effectiveness Of High Efficiency Compound Fertilizer

With the poultry breeding industry developing in a maner of large scale and intensification, a large number of animal manure has become the major agricultural pollution source in China. The paper researched the efficence of composting adding different material to swine manure, to solve the problem of animal manure pollution and achieve utilizating agricultural waste efficiently. According to the result of the additional material to swine manure experiment, medium-scale compost experiment was made to research the characteristics of heat and mass transfer.Based on this research, different kinds of formula were made. After researching the effectiveness of fertilizer, the best formula decided. The case of treating agricultural waste was brought out finally.Firstly,to choose material for composting adding into swine manure which is the main material,wheat straw, corn stover, saw dust and foam particles were usded, respectively. Each material’s dry weight was 10%、15%、20% of the total dry weight respectively.We implemented the small-scale experiments by plastic barrels, which have about 30 L volumes. After 5 days,we turned the piles once by labor. We measured temperature, the content of moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, fiber and other indicators before turning.By the comprehensive research, the composting with material of wheat straw and corn straw were batter than other. As the result of that providing more corn staw could get better effect,elevation the proportion of corn staw to 20% can gained better composting effect than addition on wheat staw, while the best effect of composting of addition quality rate of wheat staw was 15% in total quality percent. The composting with little ration of saw dust was poor relatively. foam particles were not suitable for composting of addition to swine manure.According to the practical in Hubei Province,we decided to select using swine manure for composting that were adding to wheat straw,which is 15% of the total dry weight. We carried out a more bigger scale experiment once more.The research indicated that:(1) it can form spatial responses on temperature. There was a heart transfer which was characterized by temperature,and it performanced heating up rapidly from external of the pile, then moved to the center of the pile,at last spreaded to the surface of the pile until the temperature of all the spot of the pile could tend to be the room temperature.at the bottom corner of the pile existed a pyramid zone,which may easily form a blind angle. To aviod forming a blind angle,we could do something as follow: First, use iron plate for the composting enclosure; second, reduce the square angle at the bottom of the equipment during designing; third, if we adopt the way of artificial turning,5 days turn once, and compost pile shouldn’t above 90cm.(2) the volume of compost pile could effect the composting. Comparing of mearuring the center during the small-scale composting, the center spot couldn’t provid typical values any more during big-sized composting. Through the big-sized composting,it performanced a advantage in duration of rapid heating up, high temperature, and total compost tiame; They were similar to the basic trend on the content of moisture, organic matter and pH,however the big-sized composting got advantage on the rate of changes.Thirdly,we have a reseach on preparation 5 recipes of organic-inorganic fertilizer, which was under the organic fertilizer that was acquired in the big-sized composting experiment, and it was made by added some kinds inorganic fertilizer of NPK into it organic fertilizer,then mixed according percentage of quality. The 5 formulaes are as follows:(1)Fa:60% of organic fertilizer,20% of urea,10% of superphosphate,10% of potassium sulfate;(2)Fb:70% of organic fertilizer,10% of urea, 10% of superphosphate,10% of potassium sulfate;(3)Fc:80% of organic fertilizer,10% of urea,5% of superphosphate,5% of potassium sulphate;(4)Fd:60% of organic fertilizer,20% of ammonium sulfate,10% of rock phosphate, 10% of potassium sulfate;(5)Fe:60% of organic fertilizer,20% of ammonium nitrate,10% of rock phosphate, 10% of potassium chloride;To determination the efficiency of fertilizer, these 5 recipes and the set of all organic fertilizer (mark Ff), inorganic fertilizer (mark G:44% of ammonium sulfate,15% of superphosphate,41% of potassium chloride), not fertilizered (mark K) were puted into soil, by Fertilizered each group equal quantity of nitrogen at 300mg/kg.Two experiments were started at same time,the box-culture and potted plants. The results show that:(1) Though it was not performanced well in box-culture experiment, Ff got the highest increasing output and very high quality in potted Chinese cabbage experiment;(2) After having made to be inorganic fertilizer, Fd was the best performance grounp in the stability of nitrogen, phosphorus mineralized, the capacity of K supply during the box-culture experiment, the increasing output and product quality in chinese cabbage potted experiment was also very good. So Fd is best organic-inorganic fertilizer formula.So, this paper fomed a comprehensive conclution that:based on the distribution of resource in Hubei Province, the best way of treating agricultural waste is the composting of addition 15% of wheat staw in total quality percent into swine manure. The organic fertilizer after composting can get the highest increasing output and very high quality;if needed to made organic-inorganic fertilizer,the best organic-inorganic fertilizer formula is:60% of organic fertilizer,20% of ammonium sulfate,10% of rock phosphate,10% of potassium sulfate.