| From 3000 years ago, manure fertilizer has been the main fertilizer for farmers. Since the 70s of last century, along with promoting the use of chemical fertilizers, manure fertilizer decreased to 25% in now days. But there is much of manure resources in China. For example in 2007, there is 3.86×10~9t of livestock manure, 7.6×10~8t of straw, 2×10~7t of cake fertilizers, 1×10~8t of green manure. However, the effective utilization of these resources is even less than 30%. In order to understand the problem existed in farmers'using manure fertilizer, we investigated the use of manure fertilizer in Shaanxi Province. And through the composting test of the mushroom residue, cow manure and weathered coal, we can supply the theoretical basis for rational use of organic fertilizer resources. The main conclusions are as follows:1 Through 4 counties of Shaanxi Province, access to survey 160 farmers, we find that there are 50% farmers using manure fertilizer, but there is only 38% area used manure fertilizer, only supplying 33% nutrient. And the using is in a single type without strict composting. A lot of straw are burned, small are stubble. There were less than 40% of the crop, and more than 70% economic crops used manure fertilizer. The younger and the more highly educated farmers, the more proportion was taken. The farmers who take livestock all use manure fertilizer. Farmers get the fertilizer information mainly by being accepted traditional experience. But the proportion of the farmers who get the fertilizer information by demonstration and TV shows using manure fertilizer is more than 81%。2 Through the three treatments, the percentage of the cow manure, mushroom residue and weathered coal are 50:50, 50:40:10 and 50:30:20, we find that: the color of the 3 treatments become gray different from gray-black in initial. The results show that after applying 10 percent weathered coal, the pile will get 50℃in 72h. The organic content in the three treatments come from 41.73%, 42.52% and 43.31% to 23.46%, 25.75% and 25.87%, and the value of C/N from 28.55, 29.53 and 30.50 to 22.78, 20.12 and 20.54. Decomposition of organic matter is in a more intense, and change of the content of organic carbon is not clear. Nitrogen content of the 3 treatments changed from 1.46%, 1.44% and 1.42% to 1.03%, 1.28% and 1.26%; total potassium changed from 1.06%, 0.98% and 0.92% to 1.27%, 1.31% and 1.29%; the change of total phosphorus is not clear. 3 Through the study of adding the two EM agents which are from Shandong Shengtang and MuBang Science, we find that the temperature of pile comes to 50℃in 3 days, and the high temperature can sustain 17 days, which would greatly accelerate the process of composting. The pH of the two treatments adding EM agents is less than the other one. The changes in C/N and SOC are not clear for 3 treatments. The GI of the treatments not adding EM agents only reached to 74%, the treatment adding EM gents can reach above 80%. Especially the treatment adding agent from Shandong Shengtang, the GI of it has been more than 85%. |
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