The Research On Relationships And Spatial Characteristics Of University-Industry-Research Cooperation In China Based On The Model Of Triple Helix

With the coming of knowledge economy era, innovation has become the core competitiveness of countries worldwide. The interactions among universities, research institutes and industry are becoming more and more significant. Currently, the study of cooperation among universities, research institutes and industry is relatively mature and the interactions among these three parts is a hot research topic. Inspired by the triple helix model in molecular biology and crystallography, Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff summarized the interactive penetration mechanism among universities, research institutes and industry based on the Triple Helix Theory in 1995. Since the Triple Helix Theory has been developed significantly in the last 20 years, it has been applied extensively to explore the cooperation and evolution of universities, research institutes and industry nowadays.This study establishes a triple helix mode of universities, research institutes and industry based on the development of Triple Helix Theory and cooperation among universities, research institutes and industry in China. Also, by using the data in Chinese State Intellectual Property Office(SIPO) patent database from 1985 to 2014, we analyze the cooperative patents and relationships of universities, research institutes and industry based on the temporal, spatial, geographic features. Several conclusions can be drawn:(1) 1985-2014, the output of patents of universities, research institutes and industry increased quickly before 1999 while relative slowly after 1999. Meanwhile, the disparity among distinct regions is significant.(2) 1985-2014, the independence among universities, research institutes and industry are relatively strong while the cooperation tends to be weak, in which industry is the core. Besides, universities and research institutes are weak in the patent innovation system.(3) 1985-2014, there is no spatial autocorrelation among 31 provinces in China, but the majority of the provincial areas exhibits the spatial agglomeration feature. In addition, the degree of dependency on universities and research institutes declined in southeastern costal region where there is a stronger productive competence in universities, research institutes and industry.