Research On The Labor Philosophy Thought And Its Contemporary Value Of Economic Manuscript Of 1857-1858

Labor is a kind of activities of human beings who consciously reform nature and produce material wealth, through which they gain survival. Labor is the base for all human activities and it’s the most important power for historical development. The labor philosophy is based on lots of social sciences corresponding to labor and it is the philosophical thinking of workers, labor activity, labor relations, labor unions and other social phenomena, which is the ideology of the working class and their academic basis of expressing interest demand. The classical works of Marx and Engels contains abundant thoughts on labor philosophy and the Economic Manuscript of 1857-1858 plays a important role in the formation of Marx’s labor philosophy system.The introduction part tells why I choose such at topic, which reviews domestic and foreign research achievements on labor philosophy; points out what should be payed more attention to about current research; summarizes the main contents of this paper and makes some interpretation about research methods, innovations and its value.The first part defines the concept of labor and labor philosophy, clarifies the relationship between labor and practice, work and production areas, introduces the function of labor philosophy, and summarizes the subject system of labor philosophy.The second part introduces the origin of Marx’s labor philosophy, including the source of theory and practice. And it presents the labor philosophy from German classical philosophy, utopian socialism labor philosophy and classical political economics of labor philosophy summarizes the practice origin-that is the research of social history and the main capitalist countries at that time, especially on British political and economic conditions by Marx.The third part is the analysis of the contents about labor philosophy in the Economic Manuscript of 1857-1858, which includes five aspects:theory of labor value, labor force and exploitation, labor alienation, Fundamental contradiction between labor and capital under the condition of capitalism, and free labor under the condition of communism, etc.The fourth part discusses the function of the labor philosophy in the Economic Manuscript of 1857-1858 in the formation of the systematic thoughts of Marx’s labor philosophy:the breakthrough in theory of labor value and the preliminary foundation of the scientific theory of labor value; the deepened understanding of labor alienation and the establishment of the theoretical framework of labor force and exploitation; the mark of the maturity of free labor theory.The fifth part discusses the contemporary value of labor philosophy of the Economic Manuscript of 1857-1858. Based on such labor philosophy we analyze the "ought-to-be" of the labor relations under socialist market economy, and point out problems of such labor relations, and grope harmonious labor relations within the socialist market economy that combined with actual practice, which may include: development of vocational education, training of technical talents, exploration of employee shareholding, allowing workers to gain access to certain shares, supervision of enterprises and employment; strengthen the Labor Union to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers and their free expressions.The conclusion part again, expounds the importance of Marx’s labor philosophy, and adds some supplementary explanation to the deficiencies in this research.