Research On The Outdoor Environment Of Museum Landscape Design In Chongqing

Museum is an important place of collection, research, exhibition and dissemination of human historical civilization and scientific cultural knowledge. It is also an important culture palace of perceiving history, knowing about the present and looking into the future. The outdoor environment, as an important part of museum, plays an significant role in portraying the image of museum, rendering the cultural atmosphere and meeting the needs of visitors, etc.With the rapid development of city in recent years, more and more cities have built and rebuilt museums in order to show the local historical culture and the local characteristics, enhance the urban culture image and change the current situation where few people visit museums. Chongqing, as a famous historical city, builds museums following the pace of the times. Thus, many museums have been emerged in Chongqing. With the boom of the construction of museum, the outdoor environment of museum has been paid more and more attention. However, lots of the outdoor environment of museums, as the adjuncts of museum, are mainly used as traffic distribution. The landscape design in cultural shows, entertainment, etc are ignored. Therefore, research on the outdoor environment of museum landscape design is significant for promoting the museum theme culture and building comfortable entertainment place.In this paper, based on the outdoor space design theory and the aesthetic landscape theory, we explain the concepts of the outdoor environment of museum and expound its function, characteristics, components and influencing factors. Twenty one museums in the main city of Chongqing are chosen as research objects, seven of which are key research objects. We study the general layout, spatial construction and cultural characteristics of the outdoor environment via research methods including literature research, questionnaires, field research and concluding. The general layout of the outdoor environment considers five aspects of museum: location, layout mode, terrain form, space organizing form and traffic organization method. As to the spatial construction, we analyze the entrance space, square space, garden space, traffic space and the edge of space of the outdoor environment from the types of space form and the building elements of space. Regarding the cultural expression of the outdoor environment, we discusses the categories of cultural theme which include history and culture, local characteristic cultural and industry culture, as well as elements of cultural expression including architecture, sculpture, pavement, landscape wall, waterscape and plants.In this paper, we investigated and analyzed the outdoor environment of museums in Chongqing and summarized their characteristics and problems in general layout, spatial construction and cultural characteristics. We conclude that the basic design principles of the outdoor environment of museum are integrity, diversity, humanity, cultural and ecological. Furthermore, we propose the design strategies of the general layout, spatial construction and cultural expression. Specifically, we considere the topography, functions, traffic and other aspects for the general layout as well as the space scales, spatially defined manner and the space levels for spatial construction. Moreover, the strategy of entrance space, square space, garden space, traffic space and the edge of space are proposed according to the existing problems. And the strategy of the cultural expression is put forward from the themes and beautification of the cultural landscape.