Research On Urban Public Service Facilities Fairness Of Spatial Layout In Kunming City

Urban public service facilities, as a kind of public resources and invisible benefits, is the effective factor to manage the urban expansion and control population movement. Its distribution affects urban land prices, house prices, environmental quality, population density and so on. Reasonable and fair distribution of public facilities can guide the population movement, alleviate the pressure of population density and land use in central area; can alleviate the pressure of traffic in central district; can balance ecological and living environment and improve the quality of city life. Fairness optimization of the spatial distribution is important for social stability and people’s happiness.The papers takes eight kinds of public facilities (medical, business, educational, cultural, sport, park, administrative, postal facilities) and residence in Kunming center area (with a total area of 1782 km2) as the research object. Firstly it introduces the basic foreign and domestic theories, research methods and cases and investigate the current situation of the public service facilities in Kunming. Then establish the contact between these public service facilities and residence and analyze and evaluate the fairness of spatial distribution quantitatively by using the GIS network analysis, Space Syntax and data statistics method. According to the results of the analysis, the suggestions of Kunming construction and other cities like Kunming which have only "one center" can be put forward.The main content of the paper:1. Investigate layout of residence and eight kinds of public service facilities in central area of Kunming by GIS network analysis and find the problem:inadequate facilities, unbalanced layout of types and number, lack of overall consciousness, centralization of better resource and lack of sense of fair construction;2. According to the different rate of overlap and coverage (get the dates by the statistical method), the public service facilities are classified and evaluated. The result shows that the distribution of commercial facilities is best in Kunming with high coverage rate (77%) and low overlap rate (45%), which means little waste and better fairness. While the distributions of other service are worse and the fairness need to be imporved more urgenly;3. Analyze the current road in Kunming by Space Syntax. According to the result put forward the corresponding construction principles (respect for the current situation, development as a whole, planning guide), key constructions (classified construction, hierarchical construction, comprehensive construction) and creative construction methods (change traditional service mode, the reasonable fusion service type, using 020 platform). By the suggestions, the problems of "one-single city" such as difference between regions, centralization of people can be solved, which will lead the city to more reasonable, effective and fair.Research conclusion:1. The spatial layout fairness of public service facilities for residence in the center area is poor. The available public service have significant differences in number, variety and quality among different residential lands, different locations of the same residential land and residence in other un-residential lands, and the construction of Kunming in recent decade have increased unfaieness;2. The public service facilities are insufficient in Kunming center area and the number and kinds of them have a "center-centralization and outward-decreasing gradually" trend;3. Kunming road system is forming the prototype of "multiple center". In the future, if strengthen the public service planning and construction in the place with high value regional integrate in figure such as Chenggong, Jinning, Wuhua, Guandu, Panlong area, these place will become the sub center of city or Kunming will become "multi-center" city. So reasonable and fair layout of urban public service facilities can promote the city transformation of "multi-center";4. The fair spatial layout of public service facilities is beneficial to the urban special expansion and development.The main innovation of the paper is establishing the contact between public service facilities and residence getting the number of public service facilities in the limited service scales based on the residential point by GIS Network Analysis model, which means the quantity of coverage of the public service facilities for residence. And then make a quantitative evaluation for public service fairness, which will offer a concrete decision reference for urban planning. Secondly, combining GIS network analysis and Space Syntax, study the spatial layout fairness of urban public service facilities.