Study On The Location Selection And Spatial Layout Of Urban Shelters Against The Earthquake Disaster

With the accelerating process of urbanization, the city’s population size and land-use scale have made rapid expansion, and in constant pursuit of the powerful features of the city, the city also exposes the vulnerability of its sides. The excessive accumulation of urban population, the excessive building density and body, and the deterioration of the urban environment cast a strong shadow for the carrying capacity of the city’s security emergency. Thus, the ability that government can provide emergency shelter for the urban residents in the event of a disaster evacuation becomes an important part of today’s measure of government security emergency and prevention and mitigation capabilities for disaster. Thinking about of bursting earthquake and secondary disasters as an example, in recent years our country has suffered a strong earthquake disasters that caused huge casualties and economic losses, which also sounds the alarm of the future development of the city. China government in2007and2008drew up the "Urban Earthquake Disaster Prevention Planning Standards","earthquake emergency shelters, site and facilities", and put forward new demands for the planning construction of the city’s emergency shelters, and made shelters grade level division guidance, and strictly regulated the planning and construction site safety and ancillary facilities.The paper first makes the review of urban earthquake disaster prevention and the shelter practice-related research progress, and summarizes the define of the meaning and feature classification of urban earthquake disaster prevention shelter, and makes Introduction of public facilities district theory, analysising the scope of the characteristics of common facility location model location method, and builts the different hierarchical levels of urban earthquake disaster shelter site selection and space location model system to optimize the layout, and makes reasonable evaluation methodology for the layout of the program. Finally, thinking about of the shelters planning and construction in Zhangqiu city as an example for the study, the paper uses the above program evaluation methodology to analysis the evaluation of the original seismic engineering layout planning program, described the reasons for the existence of the problem Zhangqiu urban earthquake disaster prevention planning and shelters’construction. For solving these problems, the paper uses the above geographical location and spatial layout optimization model system to optimize the formation of a new urban earthquake disaster shelter space layout optimization program, and compares it with the original program. The results showed that both the short period shelter and long-term shelter have a reasonably high degree of spatial layout, and the guiding proposal layout of the emergency temporary shelter becomes a strong link that different hierarchical levels’shelters can give better service capabilities to the evacuation groups. The case study further examines the methods and models to construct a reasonable evaluation system. On the other hand, this new research has some practical ideas, and it can provide theoretical support and technical support for future planning and construction of urban earthquake disaster shelters.