| In the recent years, fog and haze has become more frequent in many cities. A lot of urban environmental problems are increasingly prominent, this makes ecological garden attract a lot of attraction, then gardening workers and researchers get to realize that the harmonious coexistence between plants and environment cann’t exist without ecological principle. Architecture is the character of trees spatial structure and modular character, it is a part of modular population ecology. Plant is the only living thing in landscape, light, water and mineral which plant needs to maintain, growth and breed have heterogeneity.Heterogeneity not only makes it difficulty for plants to absorb and utilize, but also causes architectural variation. On the other hand, architectural variation reflects plant’s adaptive strategies on environment heterogeneity and the competitive ability of using light, water, mineral.Branch modular and leaf modular of ten small arbors which commonly used in Fuzhou were studied in this paper. The ten species are Lagerstroemia indica, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch f.duplex Rehd., Prunus campanulata, Prunus salicina, Prunus mume, Magnolia X soulangeana, Osmanthus fragrans (Thuhb.) Lour var.semperflorens Hort., Camellia japonica, Cassia surattensis and Lagerstroemia speciosa. Then they were divided into two habitats, canopy and underwood, through basing on two planting types, small arbor+shrub+herb and tall arbor+arbor+ small arbor+ shrub+ herb. Though analying the architectures in two habitats, the architecture variation between them was known, the response mechanism of architecture to environment was concluded, the adapting ways of architecture to environment and the association of architecture and planting layout was revealed, new guide for building stable artificial landscape ecosystem was provided. The results can help landscape workers choose suitable species for specific habitat when they design planting design.5 trees were selected separately, which were no diseases and DBH difference less than 1cm in canopy and underwood. Plant’s morphological characteristics branching pattern and leaf modular characteristics were investigated. Plant’s height, crown width, DBH, length of 1st/2nd/3rd bifurcation, angle of 1st/2nd/3rd bifurcation, diamater of 1st/2nd/3rd bifurcation, leaf length, leaf width, leaf angle and leaf area were recorded, OBR, SBR1:2, SBR2:3, RBD2:1, RBD3:2, leaf length width ratio were calculated. The results showed that:1. Canopy is a more suitable habitat for Lagerstroemia indica and Prunus persica (L.) Batsch f.duplex Rehd.. They should be applied to "small arbor+ shrub+ herb" when we design plant landscaping. L. indica mainly by means of increasing angle of 1st bifurcation, leaf length, leaf angle and decreasing angle of 3rd bifurcation, bifurcation rations to adapt to underwood habitat. P. persica mainly by means of increasing length of 1st bifurcation, length of 3rd bifurcation, OBR, SBR2:3, leaf length, leaf area and decreasing branch angle to horizon, leaf angle to adapt to underwood habitat.2. Canopy is as suitable as underwood for P. campanulata, P. salicina, P. mume, Magnolia X soulangeana, O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour var.semperflorens Hort. and C. japonica. They can be applied to "small arbor+ shrub+ herb" or "tall arbor+arbor+ small arbor+ shrub+ herb" when we design plant landscaping.P. campanulata mainly by means of increasing length of 3rd bifurcation, branch diameter, leaf angle and decreasing OBR, branch angle to horizon to adapt to canopy habitat; it paimarily through increasing length of 1st bifurcation, length of 2nd bifurcation, branch angle to horizon, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and decreasing OBR, leaf angle to adapt to underwood habitat. P. salicina mainly by means of increasing length of 3rd bifurcation, OBR and decreasing angle of 3rd bifurcation, leaf angle and to adapt to canopy; it paimarily through increasing angle of 3rd bifurcation, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and decreasing bifurcation ratios to adapt to underwood habitat. P. mume mainly by means of increasing branch angle to horizon, leaf angle, bifurcation ratios and decreasing branch length, leaf area to adapt to canopy habitat; it paimarily through increasing branch length, leaf area and decreasing branch angle to horizon, leaf angle, bifurcation ratios to adapt.to underwood habitat. M. liliflora mainly by means of increasing length of 3rd bifurcation, branch angle to horizon, leaf angle, bifurcation ratios to adapt to canopy habitat; it paimarily through increasing leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and decreasing OBR, SBR1:2, branch angle to horizon, leaf angle to adapt to underwood habitat. O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour var.semperflorens Hort. mainly by means of increasing length of 3rd bifurcation to adapt to canopy habitat; it paimarily through increasing OBR and decreasing SBR1:2, SBR2:3 to adapt to underwood habitat. C.japonica mainly by means of increasing angle of 1st bifurcation, leaf angle to adapt to canopy habitat; it paimarily through increasing length of 3rd bifurcation, leaf length, leaf area and decreasing SBR2:3 to adapt to underwood habitat.3. Underwood is a more suitable habitat for C. surattensis and L. speciosa. They should be applied to "tall arbor+arbor+ small arbor+ shrub+ herb" when we design plant landscaping. C. surattensis mainly by means of increasing length of 1st bifurcation, angle of 1st bifurcation, leaf angle and decreasing OBR to adapt to canopy habitat. L. speciosa mainly by means of increasing length of 1st bifurcation, length of 2nd bifurcation, angle of 1st bifurcation and decreasing OBR and leaf angle to adapt to canopy habitat.Researches on landscape plant’s architecture are seldom reported at present, this paper disscuses ten species, which is far from enough, the contents didn’t involve bud population size dynamics and spatial distribution, didn’t study the change low of architecture during plant life cycle. To answer all these questions, we need lots of subsequent investigations and analyses. In addition, we also need to study the anatomical characteristics and genetic features of landscape plants to understand the adaptive mechanism of architecture to plant completely. |
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