Research On The Functional Evaluation Index System And The Landscape Planning Of Rural Park

In pace with the rapid development of social economy and the promotion of urbanization in our country, the system of infrastructure and public facilities in cities are becoming more and more perfect, with the expansion of social construction as well as service on the upgrade and the residential environment improving. However, due to the impacts of the long-term dual structure in urban and rural economy, the construction in countryside is quite different from that of city. Either the development of economy, society and livelihood, or the construction of infrastructure and public facilities, the growth in rural areas obviously lags behind. In addition, both the geographical area and the number of settlements of countryside in our country take up substantial proportions. To achieve the new targets of rural construction under new situations and circumstances, not only are the developments of rural infrastructure, public facilities, public activity space and spiritual needs emphases of socialist construction, but also they are important measures to strengthen the culture construction in rural areas. What’s more, they are key points to promote the quality of environment as well as living for rural residents and to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.Under the cultural backgrounds of new rural construction and beautiful rural construction, activities of creating green homes and building affluent village, which were carried out according to the policies and requirements, were vigorously conducting all over the country. And the pace of rural landscaping construction, such as the landscaping of tree belts, river systems and roads, was accelerating. As a vital symbol to measure the civilization and service level of countryside and an effective measure for rural modernization, the construction of rural park had been widely concerned and popularized. Therefore, a wave of rural park construction came into being across the country. However, because of the complexity of the planning background, the developmental patterns and contents, the deficiency of theories and the unsound administrative mechanism, in the process of rural park construction there emerged a series of problems, for example, the featureless regional landscape and the inconspicuous humanized demands. Another case in point was the extinction of local culture. How to correctly handle the protection and exploitation of rural lands and to construct rural parks that are multifunctional, ecological, healthy, in accordance with the behavior, customs and habits of rural residents as well as rich of local cultural characteristics are major problems in the construction process of new rural landscape. Generally speaking, studies about rural park desiderate gradual deepening.Based upon retrieval and summary of relevant academic researches at home and abroad about the planning and the construction features of rural park, this article defines the correlative concepts and research range. The fundamental theories related to rural park are also analyzed, such as the features of landscape, the lands for construction, the sources of funds, their target group, the developing types, the location, their functional characteristics and so on. The author firstly discusses the significance of function and research targets about rural park. And by applying the principles of analytic hierarchy process, delphi method along with related information, the author divides the six criterion layers, namely the function of recreation, ecological function, aesthetic function, function of science popularization, function of social service and economic function, into 30 object layers, building an evaluation system of rural park. Secondly, by combining questionnaires for experts with algorithm of analytic hierarchy process, the judgment matrix and relative weight of each layer are decided, and the importance ranking of 24 final indexes, such as the traffic accessibility, the recreational facilities, the culture features and so on, are obtained. Thirdly, combined with the investigation data of the rural park construction in Fuzhou and the functional evaluation index system of rural park, the paper analyses the landscaping of three representative rural parks in Fuzhou with illustrations and points out the shortcomings of their landscaping, which verifies the scientificalness of the evaluation system at the same time.Finally, in combination with the functional evaluation index system of rural park, the paper discusses design essentials of the landscaping elements, and attempts to establish the internal relations as well as the correspondence between them, striving to provide references and bases for the scientific and reasonable practice of rural park.