Study On The Spatial Form And Residential Construction Of Hakka Round Building From Longnan County

Domestic architecture, the most important space for human life, not only bears the function of human shelter, but also records human life. What’s more, it reflects the locally profound historical culture and rich folk culture. Owning to the growing attention to the Hakka people in rencent years, Hakka Round House, as a form of domestic architecture, is famous for its shrugged defensive tower and solid wall. Longnan county is the major distribution of Hakka Round House in Gannan region and the number of Hakka Round House left intact is up to370, which is the most representative Hakka dwellings in southern Jiangxi province and has a high degree of research and conservation value.This paper, taking the Hakka Round House in Longnan County as the research object, gives an analysis of Longnan Hakka Round House form and residential construction features. Moreover, the whole paper does research on the house’s unique space shape and the traditional building techniques in modern design through a survey of documents and fields. There are four points included in this research: The first is the historical background of Longnan county Hakka migration and settlement and the emergence and development of Hakka Round House the second is the characteristics of architecture spatial form of Longnan county Hakka Round House the third is the characteristics of building construction the last is how to keep the Longnan Hakka folk cultural heritage Through the graphic and vertically spacial analysis and study of walls, columns, floor, strata, doors, windows, roofs, defensive apparatus and outside environment etc, we can safely come to the conclusion:(1) There were the most Hakka round houses in Longnan county at the end of Ming Dynasty and in Qing Dynasty. In addition, a great many of the Hakka people turned to settle in Gannan region after the third and the fourth immigration to Fujian and Guangdong province, therefore, a lot of elements in Fujian and Guangdong Hakka style can be seen in the formation of Hakka round houses in Longnan county.(2) As can be seen from the graphic layout and vertical space of Hakka round houses, the configuration of the Hakka round houses in Longnan county are basically same. The graphic layout is in the main form of square and there are enclosed walls surrounding the houses, which make them secure against assault and difficult to break through in the war. On the whole, there are three major graphic layouts: Kou configuration, Guo configuration and Hui configuration. The ancestral hall is the core architecture of the Hakka round houses. The central axis spreads distinctively from ancestral hall and the subordinating architecture of the Hakka round houses is located alongside the central axis. The layout of Hakka round houses is closely connected which makes houses an isolated bastion in the enclosure.It can be seen from analysis of the vertical space that the Hakka round houses in Longnan county is a kind of domestic architecture which is relatively insufficient in vertical space. There are two major vertical layouts: Ao configuration and Shan configuration. Two forms of space have emerged from the enclosed space: one is relatively open, like patio, alley, corridor the other is closed, like ancestral hall, room, round house.(3) Hakka round houses in Longnan county are a kind of constructional technique that is developed under the conditions of fairly limited architecture technology and resources. The constructional techniques of exterior walls mainly include “the silver packets”, gravel, green bricks, rammed earth bricks ect, while the interior floors are mainly assembled by green bricks and rocks. The most typical windows are mullioned windows, sliding door windows. The roofs are chiefly based on the hard top of mountains and the roofing boards are made up of double-layer green bricks. At the entrance, there are three defensive barriers on the wooden door that are wrapped with sheet iron. Behind the door, there are horizontal and vertical doors against gravity to attack. Above the door, there are irrigation mouths obstructing fire attack. In the gun turret, there are lookout tower for observation of exterior environment and the port of gun and the muzzle for shooting. Exterior floors are chiefly made up of gravel while the enclosed walls are wholly assembled by green bricks. In order to solve the drainage problems in Hakka round houses, drainage ditches are arranged in alleys and patios are set in halls and courtyards.(4) The inheritance of traditional Hakka folk house culture is Hakka Round Building from Longnan county face problems and challenges. Cultural heritage of the traditional elements，people should have a good command of refining, recreation and innovative application of traditional elements and the building space form and residential structure embodied in modern architecture and landscape.Through the analysis of the spatial form and residential construction of Hakka Round Building from Longnan county, realize the embodiment of the traditional Hakka culture in residential and exploring the heritage of traditional elements in modern in modern architecture and landscape. In order to provide the basis for the inheritance of the traditional Hakka culture.