Research On Classification, Function, Pattern And Evolution Of Urban Parks Based On GIS

Since the18th National Congress of the CPC, China has adopted the policy ofBuilding Ecological Civilization as national strategy and is aiming to improve thewell-being of the people and the sustainable future of the nation. Livable citiy hastransferred from concept into practice. The level of city livability, concerning dailylife, good health and safety guarantee is also an important mark of a prosperous andpeaceful society in cities. Urban park is not only an important component of urbanhuman settlement environment, but also is an important part of livable cityconstruction. Taken as the most important natural ecosystems, the basic research onurban park need to be enhanced for charting the course for the drive of building abeautiful China, realizing sustainable development of the nation towards a new era ofsocialist ecological civilization.Selecting the range of within sixth road of Beijing as a case study, the paperattempts to establish a new division standard of based on function of the urban parkfrom the discipline perspective of human geography. Applying the spatial analysistechniques of GIS, the paper divide the types, explore the relationship between thetype and founction, and evaluate the spatial distribution service levels of urban parksin Beijing. Plus, the evolutional process and developing trends are described briefly.Refining the classification and identifying the dominant function of urban parks cancontribute to construction and management of urban parks.The main researchconclusions are as follows:(1) A new classificated standard of urban park has been constructed, and theurban parks are divided into the following five types: cultural relics park, amusementpark, integrated park, community park, ecological park.(2) Urban park has four important functions at least: travel and leisure,ecological value, disaster prevention and education. Although each urban park hasdiversified functions, each park is generally a complex variety of functions, each has adominant functional feature.(3) There are148parks within the6th Ring Road in Beijing, with a total area of7293.9ha (averaged49.28ha). Each type of parks has its own distributioncharacteristics. The distribution of urban parks is in line with the law of sizediminishing. The smaller the area of urban park, the more the number of the park type. With the area growing of the urban park, the number of this type of urban park isgradually reduced.(4) The spatial service level of different types urban parks was analyzed. In theset of circumstances, the average of Beijing’s urban park service level is about1.5.There are six districts, which service level is higher than the average, namely Xicheng,Dongcheng, Shijingshan, Chaoyang, Haidian and Fengtai, showing a significant theold town direct. At the same time, the average level in most suburban counties is onlyabout0.5, showing a apparent gap between the core area and the suburb area.(5) Beijing’s urban park had experienced a transformation process from the royalprivate garden to the public park. The construction of urban parks has maderemarkable achievements. Compared to the real growing demand, there is still a widegap. As to the future construction of urban parks, we should also pay attention to thecombination of traditional culture and modern design viewpoints.