| Chinese ancient capital can manifest the planning ideas and technology of the timefor its special status. The location and construction of the city sought for the harmonybetween man and nature, showing the respect for the nature, advocating the unity ofhuman and nature, reflecting the early simplicity of natural view. The ancient capitalswere places where not only had magnificent palaces, but also had a landscape of lakesand mountains such as the ancient capital ofChang’an, Hangzhouand Beijing. In thelong history of Chinese ancient city construction, ancient people accumulated a lot ofexperience handling the relationship between city construction and nature, which isinitially passive but later became a clever use of nature, at last, coming to a complementof common development. Through the study of ancient natural adaptability of Chineseancient capitals, this paper is trying to understand the fundamental way to the ancientcity construction, which has important academic value, but also is a inheriting of thetraditional Chinese city planning experience and technology.From the perspective of city planning and architecture, this article selected threeunique ancient capitals: Chang’an, Hangzhou, and Beijing as the research objects,analyzed the terrain, climate, river system adaptability, exploring the constructionexperience and thoughts in City site selection, space pattern, texture context andtechnical issues.Chinese ancient capitals have a strong dependence as well as strong adaptability toterrain. The site of a Chinese ancient capital usually focused on macro geographicalsituation, and the city space pattern and texture context were influenced by microgeographic features, showing different forms. The city also took advantage of terrain,besides passive adaptation. The harmony between city and nature reflected theecological wisdom of ancient capital.China ancient capitals were almost built near river system or mountains. Watermeet the various needs of the city, such as for drinking, drainage, landscaping,transportation, defense. The city was born of water, and the water makes city beautifuland help city development. Every capital had a lot of construction of water conservancyfacilities to support the development of the city, and the flood control was also big eventin capital construction. River system in Chinese ancient capital was in a high position,and water culture also had a profound influence on the city construction, so the interaction between city and water had been upgraded to the level of culture.The climatic adaptability in ancient capitals is mainly manifested in the citylocation, building system. City site was usually in a region with good landscapeprotection to form a favorable climate. City construction paid attention to the effects ofgreening and other details on climate. The impact of climate on the building was mostlyobvious, which formed various city landscape and regional characteristics.By the research on the methods of adapting to the local natural environment of theancient capital of China, exploring the experience to adapt, use and transform nature inthe city construction of ancient Chinese capitals, this paper not only witnesses aphilosophical thought that is the harmony between man and nature in ancient China, butalso a suitable method of construction, and the overall thinking and sustainabledevelopment thought. |
