The Research On City Naturaladaptability In Ancient China

The mission of creating the harmony between modern city and the nature,whichneeds to be on the basis of knowing well about history and reality, promotes theprosperity and healthy development of Chinese civilization.By pursuing the harmonybetween man andnature, which helpedcreatea pleasant living environment,the ancientChinese people selected the city siterelying on nature, taking advantage of riversystems,avoidingclimatic disadvantages,bringing the green surrounding mountains andbeautiful water into the city.environment. Thus, in the long history of ancient China,there emerged a large number of outstanding cities, especially some county cities, theyoften broke through the "Zhouli" system of urban construction,and they were moreharmonious with nature,such as Lijiang, Suzhou and Baoding. Whilethe neglect ofnature background and the city-nature relationship in the process of rapidcitydevelopment have become widespread in recent years, which has made thecity-nature relationship disharmonious. Study on the natural adaptation of ancientChinese county cities, which is not only for historical review and summary, but also agood opportunity to explore our great city building tradition to help us to establishnational self-confidence. This is a good way to perpetuate excellent historical tradition,and can also help us review reality more deeply,which gives us a profound inspiration.By doing field and literature research on the old town of Lijiang, Suzhou, Baoding,this paper uses the matrix method to plan the structure of it. From Chapter Three toChapter Five, this paper summarizes the adaptability to topography, river and watersystem, climate (the most important three factors of the natural environment) intheoryand practical methods of city construction. Through the comparative analysis and studyof three different geographical cities: Lijiang (Southwest Mountain city), Suzhou(Jiangnan River-city) and Baoding (North China Plain city), this paper summarize theuniversal methods of natural adaptability of the ancient county city in ancient China.This paper believes that the ancient Chinese county cities have the followingcharacteristics in natural adaptability.Firstly,the topography adaptability is from macroto micro aspect.Selecting the city cite needs considering regional as well as the theinternal topography. The topography decides city spatial pattern, the direction anddistribution density ofroads, making the texture characteristicsdifferentin plain,mountain city and riverside city.And then, city development always follow the law that from "living by the water" to " thriving by the water ". Cities are always located inplaces near rivers and lakes which have abundant water resources.River network playsthe most important role in the formation of the spatial pattern of the city.Cityconstruction pays attention to water management and flood control project, and byguiding the natural water system, people built many gardens.Finally, by seekingadvantages and avoiding disadvantages to adapt to the climate.People usually dofullinvestigation of the local climate before selecting the citysite. The author considers that,we should look upon ancient cities with dialectical view, but also look on modern citieswith historical perspective. This research intends to make the "people-oriented"thoughts in modern city planning toward ecological view as "unity of nature and man",and besides, people must respect the characteristics of natural factor itself, to protectnatural factors systematically and utilize them properly.