| The memorial building is an ancient type of construction to meet the people’s memorial mental function. In the long history of human construction, the order will be a historical event, a historical figure or something long-term memory preserved to create a sturdy and durable building or structure, to obtain an eternal remembrance. At the same time, through the preservation of historical memory, to achieve political and ideological functions.Hugo said that the building is a stone in the history books, an important human thinking is not written in stone. Form and meaning of the monuments has been marked by profound brand of the era, from the pyramids of Egypt to Beijing Temple of Heaven, the monuments on the one hand by the architectural form and space to act as the role of historical memory of the material carriers, while through a specific building language interpretation of the human spirit the world of an era.Every era of cultural monuments culture is closely related to the specific political, economic and cultural background of an era, in the baptism of the spirit of the age trend of the monuments to monumental architectural forms from the commemorative spirit, continue to occur transmutation and metabolism; the challenges of the modern spirit of the modern political, economic and cultural monuments mode has been unable to meet the development needs of the times, monumental architectural connotation has been undergoing profound changes with the history of mankind into the modern.In the history of ancient architecture, the memorial architecture has played the role of the superstructure and the space vector of the official ideology for a long time, from Greek Acropolis to Chinese Altars; from the Roman Triumphal Arch to the stele and the decorated archway of Chinese Chronicle, the memorial architecture carries a political mission to celebrate the rulers’merit, to maintain patriarchal ties, and to establish the legality of rule. But in today’s context of globalization and diversification, though the monuments express grand political themes and ideology of the political mission has not been completely digested, but the public’s true feelings and the expression of the collective memory into the theme of monuments, memorial form and spatial form of the building is also undergoing tremendous change. The monuments already stepped down from the altar, is undergoing a profound transformation of the following four aspects:the commemorative theme from the grand narrative of secularization, the commemorative spirit from authoritarianism to freedom and equality, the monumental form of from the sublime to the humanity planning and design decision-making process from the top down to public participation. Retrospective monuments of historical changes, combined with the instance of the New York World Trade Center redevelopment project, the memorial building to commemorate the theme of the commemorative spirit and architectural form of the evolution of the diachronic comb.Started after the September11attacks in2001New York World Trade Center Reconstruction and the World Trade Center Memorial (WTC Memorial) project, called the contemporary world-wide largest city after World War Ⅱ memorial space, but also the contemporary monuments changing the vane. Collection, planning programs to adapt and modify the program, and then to the final implementation of the construction, the construction of the project has lasted for10years, during which the change of government at all levels, the financial crisis and other social factors, twists and turns, although still not completely finished, However, historical changes its planning and design and implementation of the construction process, but never at all levels reflect the contemporary monuments commemorative theme to commemorate the spirit, to commemorate the architectural form and even monuments decision-making process.The meaning of the New York World Trade Center reconstruction planning and design of the9.11Memorial is the greatest degree of public memorial emotion through public involvement and participation in the planning and design process. Public through participation in the understanding of the conflicts of help to resolve contradictions, to reach agreement on the optimal solution. The redevelopment of the World Trade Center Memorial sexual theme, and for the expression of monumental significance, many ways to fit the public to commemorate the psychological, full consideration to the importance of public participation in shaping a humanized city memorial space. Plans for the reconstruction of the World Trade Center in New York, and9.11Memorial did not create the image of one of the most visual impact of the building, but called the representative works created by contemporary monumental architecture and urban monumental space.This thesis is divided into theoretical studies and examples of two parts, this paper first defined the concept of commemoration, commemorative, retrospective monuments origin, combed the context of its historical evolution, described the many factors that affect the contemporary monumental architectural changes. Papers to the New York World Trade Center reconstruction project as the main case, the analysis of public emotion and collective memory into the monumental architectural design process through the public participation procedures. This paper seeks to explore more in-depth theoretical and more detailed case studies, to provide a theoretical reference and practical reference for today’s monumental architectural planning and design. |
