The Research Of History And Ethnology Of Xinjiang Carpet

This paper mainly focuses on the contents of the hand-knitted and tufted shape Xinjiang wool carpet without including the woven carpet produced by mechanical equipments.Carpet has been created and accompanied with human nearly three thousand years so far. During this period, it has experienced development process of native state of animal fur, the flat knit of two-dimensional latitude and longitude knitting craft and the tufted carpet of three-dimensional latitude and longitude knitting with bolt knot. According to the principle of interconnection by the textile industry, the carpets of the whole world are divided into three categories: the Oriental carpet, the European carpet and the African carpet. The Xinjiang carpet is one of the Oriental carpet systems. The patterns on the surface and the knotted tufted ‘8’ button of the Xinjiang carpet are similar with the Persian carpet by Central Asia Iran. Moreover, several production areas of the Oriental carpet overlap some waypoints of the Silk Road which has been opened up in Han Dynasty. This shows that the Silk Road not only transported the silk textile but also the Xinjiang carpet.The iconic symbol of the carpet is the pattern, which can help the people outside the industry identify its place of origin and producer. Judging by its appearance, the Xinjiang carpet has genetic relationship with the Central Asia Carpet and the Middle East carpet. But the decorative motifs on the surface of carpet show unique characteristics after the penetration of the economy, territory, ethnic, religion, culture and other factors. Autonomous Region People’s government released ‘Hetian handmade wool carpet industry development plan’ in November 2010 to reserve this ancient human intangible cultural heritage and to transfer the surplus local labor through the efficiency output of this industry. This plan has encountered all kinds of difficulties since it implemented. First, the bottleneck of the original design of the pattern cannot achieve a breakthrough. The carpet is difficult to meet the customer’s consumption psychology, which caused the increase of the amount of warehouse stocking, the imbalance between supply and demand and the waste of limited resources.At present, from the central to local including the aiding provinces have taken actions intensify to increase the investment or give preferential policy to this project. Now a new round of 5 year plan has been implemented since 2015. By 2020, the government wants to ensure its good development through multiple efforts. The purpose of this paper is to help solve some problems of Xinjiang handmade carpet industry by doing combing work about history and culture of Xinjiang carpet and also giving play to the accumulated field of materials over the years. There are five chapters in this paper. The first chapter is the introduction part. The second chapter is the origin of the carpet. The third chapter is the Xinjiang carpet in the context of oriental carpet. The fourth chapter is the pattern of Xinjiang carpet from the early Qing dynasty so far. The fifth chapter is the current situation and development of Xinjiang carpet.