Chongqing Low-carbon Economy

With the intensification of global warming and energy crisis,transforming theeconomic development mode,adjusting the industrial structure as well as achieving thelow-carbon transformation of the industry have become a consensus among allcountries.After more than30years of reform and opening up,China’s economy and thelevel of output continues to grow and improve.Accordingly,China’s energy demand andcarbon emissions have been increasing at the same time. In the face of the greatpressure to reduce emissions, developing low-carbon economy becomes an inevitablechoice for China to achieve the goal of sustainable development.Chongqing is theChina’s largest municipality.It is also the old industrial base with heavy chemicalcharacteristics.As one of the pilots for low carbon economy of the five provinces andeight cities in China,the extensive economic development mode,which has the feature ofhigh pollution, high energy consumption and high emission,must be changed.Inaddition,Chongqing is also charged with the historic task to achieve low-carbontransformation as well as to accumulate experience for the region and even the wholecountry.How to transform the economic development mode and how to adjust theindustrial structure to implement the sustainable growth of Chongqing is a significantissue to tackle with.Manufacturing industry is the important engine of economic growth of Chongqing,and also is the main department of energy consumption and carbon emission. Carbonemission characters of manufacturing are significant to grasping the overall carbonemission situation of Chongqing. This paper aims to survey the carbon emission level ofChongqing manufacturing and the evolution of carbon emission in thirty industrysegments. Firstly, adopting the method from IPCC to calculate manufacturing carbonemission from2011to2010, then calculating the annual carbon emission and carbonintensity of each segment, moreover, the situation of relevant provinces carbon emissionhave been calculated and compared. lastly, this paper using The logarithmic meanDivisia decomposition method to factorization analyze the carbon emission of wholemanufacturing and thirty industry segments.Through the calculation and analysis, the flow conclusions can be obtained.1、Carbon emissions for each manufacturing industry showed obviously "Pareto effect",which means, before20%of carbon emissions industry ranking (six industries)accounted for more than80%of the carbon emissions of total manufacturing carbon emissions. These six industries are non-metallic mineral products, ferrous metalsmelting and rolling processing industry, chemical materials and chemical productsmanufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, paper and paper productsindustry and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry.2、Comparedwith some of the major cities in other parts, especially in the more developed easternregions, the level of energy use has a considerable gap in Chongqing, the overall energyefficiency at a low level in China, particularly in chemical materials and chemicalproducts manufacturing and non-metallic mineral products industry.3、In the energy mix,energy intensity, industrial structure and economic growth four factors, in terms ofcarbon emission growth, economic growth is the main pull factors and energy intensityis the major inhibitory factor, which can offset about50%of the pulling effect of theformer. Structural changes in the industrial structure and energy have played a weakstimulus.4、Chongqing will remain the high speed period of industrialization andurbanization, the restriction of low-carbon development cannot be avoided. Therefore,it is predicted that Chongqing’s primary energy consumption and carbon emissions,either total or per capita level, will be accompanied by industrialization andurbanization continue to grow rapidly in a long period of time.Finally, according to the above theoretical exploration and empirical analysis, thereare few advices provided for thirty manufacturing. Firstly, improve local regulations andstandards. Secondly, promote industrial restructuring. Third, improve low-carbonenergy technology innovation policy. Fourth, taxation, pricing and financing policy.Fifth, strengthen the total constraint，accelerate the formation of the carbon tradingmarket.