Comparative Research Of Enterprise Symbiont Under Niche Perspective

With the increasing development of science and technology, the increasingly rapid pace of social progress, the environment faced by companies are becoming increasingly complex."Enterprise positioning" has been a lot of attention by the corporate executives and scholars, how to accurately locate the position of enterprises in the environment, which is a hot issue in academia and the business community. The ecology as a methodology used in business management studies, to provide a new mode of thinking to solve this problem. The ecology and social science combine to produce an organizational ecology, enterprise niche belong to a category of organizational ecology. Meanwhile, the industrial cluster is also a hot issue in the present study, industrial clusters will be called enterprise symbiosis in this article, the enterprise symbiosis has made tremendous contributions to economic growth in developed countries. In recent years, the industrial area has become one of the key construction projects at government.In this paper, through sorting out the organizational ecology, niche companies and industrial clusters related literature, I found the relevant research on business niche less, the research on business niche used in the industrial clusters less. For the research of industrial cluster has been established on the basis of economics. To study the problems of enterprise symbiont on the basis of ecology is a relatively new field. The novelty of this paper can be summarized as the following three aspects:First, this paper through learning business niche factor from predecessors-needs, resources, technology, systems, propose the enterprise niche measurement methods; Second, the enterprise symbiont type is divided into niche separation and niche overlap according to niche overlap; third, this article study enterprise symbiosis used K-r survival strategy, found that K-strategy matching the enterprise niche separation of symbiont, r-strategy matching enterprise niche overlap symbiont. By preliminary exploration in this area, this article attempts to provide new ideas for the development of enterprise, bring new ideas to the Government to develop the regional economy, through successfully building enterprise symbiosis model, optimize the use of resources and avoid waste of resources and environmental pollution and other major issues facing the development community.So this paper preliminarily explore the intersection, and select Kunming Snail Bay International Trade City and Chuxiong Economic and Technological Development Zone as two typical cases to comparatively study, made the following conclusions:(1) Not all environmental factors have an important influence on the development of enterprises, this article simplify enterprise niche factor-demand factors, resource factors, technical factors and institutional factors, and used to calculate enterprise niche overlap.(2) According to niche overlap, the kind of industry cluster is divided into the following two categories:niche overlap enterprise symbiosis, niche separation of enterprise symbiosis.(3) K-r survival strategy is used in the study of enterprise symbiosis-the two types of firms, the paper found the K-strategy matching enterprise symbionts of niche separation, r-strategy matching enterprise symbionts of niche overlap.Finally, this paper discuss the reasons of enterprise symbiont formation used Weber’s theory of location factors, provides a theoretical reference and guidance for government to build eco-industrial zone; the article also discuss the intermediate between K-strategic enterprise and r-strategy enterprise.