The Study On The Operational Mechanism Of Rural Land Circulation In China

The rural land circulation (RLC) is in order to adapt to the new needs arising from thesocio-economic situation. Land is the life of farmers’, and the basic guarantees of farmers’survival. Land issue relates to farmers’ immediate interests and the entire rural economicdevelopment, and also determines whether China can achieve national stability and socialharmony. As an important part of the Chinese rural land system, the basic goals of RLC is toliberate rural productive forces, increasing farmers’ income, improving the use efficiency of ruralland, while encouraging and supporting the agricultural appropriate scale of land managementand the development of agricultural industrialization.Since the founding of the new China, Chinese rural land system has undergone threerounds of great change. Especially since1978, the introduction of the household contractresponsibility system, making rural areas in the mainland of China experience the rapideconomic growth in a relatively short period, which also benefited from the system " bonus "created by the land reform. But this reform of rural land system just redistributes the usufruct anduse rights of land between the family and the collective with " the contract with remunerationlinked to output " format, not actually touching the basic dimensions of land property. With theaccelerating process of industrialization and urbanization in China, the level of non-agriculturalemployment of rural labor force is continuously improving, the phenomenon of some contractorsunwilling to engage in farming and let go out of cultivation appears frequently, which makes thesystem "bonus" created by the shallow layer of agrarian reform release out quickly within arelatively short period of time. Besides, such a small-scale decentralized, characterized by equalizing land agricultural land contract system leads to the fragmentation of the agriculturalland management results, and inevitably impedes the widespread application of technology ofagricultural modernization and the improvement of agricultural productivity, which contraries tothe basic economic law of modern agricultural scale management and makes the benefit ofpeasant farming become less and less. The efficiency of agriculture, rural development andfarmers’ income are severely limited. Under this background of reality, innovate the rural landproperty right system and build flexible and effective model and operation mechanism of landcirculation to promote optimal allocation of land resources in rural areas is particularlyimportant.This article is based on the perspective of new institutionalism to concern rural landcirculation problem, combined with the theory of economy of scale to focus on the need for landcirculation and how to build innovating mechanism. By literature research, this paper uses themethods of historical and logic analysis to comb and summarize the course of Chinese landsystem reform based on mass documentations about rural land circulation at home and abroad.At the same time, the paper compares the domestic and foreign model and experience in landcirculation with the methods of system analysis and analogy analysis, so as to broaden the viewof research and absorb from each other.This paper studies the reformation of land system inhome and abroad. On this basis, the article discusses the idea of “Rural land bank" from theaspect of land circulation mechanism.