A Research On Spectrum Allocation Algorithm For Cognitive Radios Based On Differential Pricing

The spectrum resources is becoming increasingly scare with the great amounting ofwireless communication terminal equipment and the rapid development of wirelesscommunication services.But besides the fact that the spectrum which can be used forcommunication is quite rare, another reason for lack of spectrum is that little rational use hasbeen adopted. A cognition of radios is often regarded as an effective way to solve thisproblem. First, by sensing function,the idle spectrum will be tested. Then, with theapplication of spectrum pool,frequency spot shall be integrated, after which the spectrum isto be distributed among the customers who are in need of communication according tocertain allocation algorithm. At last, when authorized customers are detected to havereturned to the spectrum, perceptual customers will withdrawal automatically. This paper ismainly focused on the algorithm built on differential pricing during the process of spectrumallocation. With game theory as methodology, allocation algorithm based on bidding anddifferential pricing will be analyzed here.Usually, the spectrum in cognitive radio system is divided into two categories, licensedspectrum and unlicensed spectrum. The former refers to the spectrum which is owned byauthorized customers only and whose labor cost shall be paid. And the latter is the spectrumin cognitive system which can be employed by all the customers. Authorized customer iscalled primary user and cognitive customer secondary user.Secondary users cannot sensespectrum space and thus access communication with the help of spectrum sensing functionunless they are permitted by the authorized customers and their interference will not effectnormal communication.Due to the analysis and comparison of three classic models in game theory, research onthe spectrum with one primary user but different mass spectrum will mainly be carried out inthis paper. Single pricing and differential pricing of primary user utility are also in the scope of discussion here, with the emphasis on the balancing between the efficiency and fairness ofspectrum allocation. Furthermore, the mechanism of game theory on price between primaryusers and secondary users will be studied and three oligarchs of game theory model shallalso be analyzed in order to make spectrum allocation algorithm endowed with betterfeasibility.First, relevant concepts about game theory and classic models will be introduced. Onthe grounds of utility function, the feasibility of the research on the application of gametheory upon spectrum allocation algorithm is to be discussed.Second, the analysis and explanation of classic spectrum allocation algorithm will becarried out, which consist of allocation algorithms based on graph theory, the interferencetemperature model and game theory. And a comparison about the procedures andcharacteristics of these algorithms is also made.Third, regarding the allocation algorithm based on bidding as a foundation and variousspectrum quality of primary users as a distinguishing feature, spectrum allocation algorithmbased on differential pricing will be presented. Under the circumstances of diverse receivedsignal-to-noise ratio and the price adjustment rate, the final equilibrium price and theprimary user utility are to be analyzed and compared in detail.