| The growth of laptops and802.11/Wi-Fi wireless networking have made MANETs a popular research topic since the mid1990s. Many academic papers evaluate protocols and their abilities, assuming varying degrees of mobility within a bounded space, usually with all nodes within a few hops of each other. Different protocols are then evaluated based on measure such as the packet drop rate, the overhead introduced by the routing protocol, end-to-end packet delays, network throughput etc.An ad hoc network is a wireless network, which do not have a centralized and fixed infrastructure. MANET is referred to as a wireless ad hoc network in which nodes are free to move arbitrarily and mobile nodes can transmit and receive the traffic. Also mobile nodes can act like routers by forwarding the neighbors traffic to the destination node as the routers are multi hop devices. MANET does not need base stations of wired infrastructure. The mobile nodes in wireless network range can communicate with each other because it is a self organized network. The mobile nodes form a network automatically without a fixed infrastructure and central management. The mobile nodes have transmitters and receivers with smart antennas, which enable the mobile nodes to communicate with each others. Since the nodes in this network are mobile, the power management and energy conservation become very critical in mobile adhoc network. The nodes in this network have limited battery power and limited computational power with a small amount of memory. Such nodes must conserve energy during routing to prolong their usefulness and increase network lifetime. Many researchers (Taneja et al,2010; Kuo-Qin Yan et al,2009; Chen Jie et al,2007; Joshi and Rege,2007; Nie Nie and Comaniciu,2006; Jin-Man Kim and Jong-Wook Jang,2006; Woo et al,1998; Chang J. H. and Tassiulas L.,2000) have carried out lot of research work related to energy saving by optimizing the use of battery power during routing over mobile adhoc network through different kinds of tools and techniques. Their research work has been taken into consideration. The design objectives require selecting energy-efficient routes and minimizing the control messaging in acquiring the route information. Efficient battery management (Chiasserini et al.,2002; Adamou and Sarkar,2002), transmission power management (Kawadia and Kumar,2003; Toh,2001) and system power management (Zheng and Kravets,2003; Singh and Raghavendra,1998) are the major means of increasing the life of a node. These management schemes deal in the management of energy resources by controlling the early depletion of the battery, adjust the transmission power to decide the proper power level of a node and incorporate low power consumption strategies into the protocols. Typical metrics used to evaluate adhoc routing protocols are packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay, throughput, normalized routing load, and shortest hop etc. This thesis proposes a scheme that takes into consideration the power awareness during route selection. This scheme observes power status of each and every node in the topology and further ensures the fast selection of routes with minimal efforts and faster recovery. The scheme is incorporated with the AODV protocol and the performance has been studied through simulation over NS-2. |
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