| Our country had made brilliant achievements in aquaculture, which had becomethe world’s first aquaculture and aquatic products export country. Aquatic productsaccounted for70%of the world, and exports of aquatic products ranked first in theworld for six years. Compared to the scale of aquaculture in our country, research onaquaculture facilities lagged behind, whose mechanization and automation level waslow, especially in the aspect of the feeding equipment and technology. The artificialfeeding usually used a spoon and shovel to complete throwing feed, and the amount offeed was judged by human experience. In general, it was difficult to accurately meet thefeeding level of the breeding object. Moreover, artificial feeding had high labor intensity,which had many disadvantages of uneven, inaccurate, not timely, feeding amount hardto control. These shortcomings were easy to generate excessive residual feed in water,which easily lead to worsening of water environment for long term. The domestic studyon the feeding system was mainly small feeding machine used in pond culture, whichhad these disadvantages that inaccurate timing, no strong reliability, unreasonable timesettings of feeding and intermittent, feeding distance is not adjustable, high loss of feed,small material storage quantity and the feeding capacity, which can’t meet the need ofhigh density industrialized aquaculture.The most important feature of the industrialized aquaculture was the realization ofindustrial production for aquatic products. Automatic feeding technology was animportant part of Technical system of industrialized aquaculture, which was veryimportant for the normal aquaculture, feeding technique and equipment determinedwater quality of aquaculture water, effected water treatment efficiency of Aquaculturesystem indirectly and directly determined the fish feeding rate, health and growth speed.The successful research and development of Automatic feeding system will solve highlabor intensity for feeding, quantitative timing precision for feeding and low efficiencyof feed for large-scale farms, can significantly improve the level of facilities andequipment for recirculating aquaculture system, reduce the labor intensity for large-scale farms and fill the gaps about the automatic feeding technology foraquaculture in China.In order to meet the feeding needs of industrialization aquaculture system, anautomatic feeding system was designed and developed applying the monorail technique,the slide rail power supply technique, the ultrasonic positioning technique, the wirelesscommunication technique and the computer software technique. The feeding systemwas composed of a running system, a power supply system, a feeding equipment and acontrol system, which used mcgsTPC embedded integrated touch screen, the weightsignal amplifying and calculation module, the remote communication module, antenna,signal conversion module RS485-WLAN, analog input module I-7017C, switchinput/output module I-7060D, isolated digital input/output module I-7044D and steppermotor system to structure hardware platform. The real-time monitoring system of thefeeding robot was designed by the MCGS configuration software, which had suchfunctions as a display of monitoring project, communication connection, parametersettings, historical data storage, query and export, data acquisition and processing andso on. The man-machine interface of the system was good, which had a simpleoperation, a good expansibility, flexibility, practical, high automation, and a certaindegree of innovation.The feeding system using HW100×100steel as rail, T forged-steel rail wheel, thetransmission gear group and24V DC motor to drive system by walking,UT20-240-AIM4ultrasonic sensor and the reflector80mm×150mm fish pondidentification plate to complete system positioning, CFBLSM pull pressure sensor tojudge the feeding amount, three core sliding contact line and the collector to guaranteethe power supply system, RS485bus and wireless communication technology, was anew equipment development direction. prototype tests indicated that the system wasfeasible and reliable. The design calculation showed that when using HW100×100steelmonorail, with the diameter of0.06m T forging steel rail wheels, gear ratio20:1geartransmission group and24V DC motor to drive the system to moving on the monorail,the motor power must be more than0.2kW, speed was2000r/min, output torquerequirements must be over0.58N·m. The results of this research provide a reference forthe automatic feeding system design and the related follow-up research.The automatic feeding system prototype was designed by Solidworks, and theprototype was tested for the feeding amount accuracy and positioning deviation. The experiments showed that the feeding system was reliable and accurate for feeding withtravelling speed19.2m/min, positioning accuracy was in the range of58-100mm,bullet storage capacity was20kg, feeding capacity was3kg/min and feeding accuracywas in the range of0.5%-2.2%. The system effectively improves the feeding accuracy,reduces the feed waste, abates the labor intensity, and meets the needs ofindustrialization aquaculture system at the direction of the mechanization andautomation.The monitoring system in Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineeringhad a test run for a period of3months, the results showed that the control system wasstable and reliable, the equipment could finish the timing, quantitative and fixed feedingeffectively and meet the feeding demand of the indoor industrial aquaculture for feedwith enormous promotion value and practical value, which had laid the foundation forthe future industrial aquaculture into the age of automation and intelligentization. |
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