Research On The Balanced Distribution Of Chinese Urban Housing Area

Housing is not only one of the basic rights of human existence but also one of the important criterion to evaluate the process of well-off society. With the continuous improvement of China’s economic strength, the level of urban housing is also gradually improved. But as the accelerated rising of housing price these years, the pressure to get a house for urban residents is increasing day by day. Now the housing problem of urban residents has been entered into an emergency phase. Because of the high price of the real estate, using housing area to measure the level of housing is more representative. The important spirit of Harmonious Society is distributing the society resource in a fair place. Then as the continuous expanding of the real estate market today, Does the urban housing resource has been distributed equally? Based on this, this paper selected per capita housing area which could on behalf of the level of urban housing and studied how is the urban housing area distributed in different provinces and inside different provinces. Five parts have been formed for this research:The first part introduced the background and the significance of this paper, summarized the research achievements by the scholars inside and outside our country and pointed out the importance of the analysis of this paper.The second part firstly found out that the growth rate of urban per capita housing area belonged to steady growth according to "China Statistical Yearbook". The urban per capita housing area reached the standard of the well-off society by the year of2010, but the excessive growth of the house prices suppressed its growth rate. Secondly, according to "Tabulation on the2010Population Census of the People’s Republic of China", it is found that there are some differences in our31provinces. Among them, the urban per capita housing area of Jiangsu province is36.02square meters which is the largest and the area of Heilongjiang province is23.35square meters which is the smallest. The average level of the whole country is30.33square meters which is6.98over Heilongjiang and5.69below Jiangsu. These phenomena showed that the level of housing for urban residents didn’t totally evenly distributed in the provinces of our country.The third part concluded that there is spatial combined effect of the urban per capita housing area’s distribution in our31provinces as per the result of the spatial statistical analysis and the global spatial autocorrelation index is0.3616. Shandong, Jiangxi, Hubei and Anhui, as the center of the southeast region, are "High-High" agglomeration region; Heilongjiang, Jilin and Inner Mongolia, as the center of the north region, are "Low-Low" agglomeration region. The results of the analysis of this part showed that on the premise of the uneven distribution of the level of housing for urban residents in our whole country, the north region and the south region are separately achieved Partial equilibrium on low level and high level. In other words, the overall performance of the uneven distribution of the urban per capita housing area in our country is the north-south imbalanced distribution.The fourth part discussed how fairly is the distribution of the urban housing area in the different household by constructing the Lorenzo curve of per capita housing area and the Housing Area Equilibrium Coefficient. The result of the analysis concluded that urban housing area distributed relatively reasonably among the urban residents. But the phenomenon of low-area households’housing area is too small is more serious than the phenomenon of high-area households’housing area is too large in our country. Meanwhile, comprehensively considered the urban per capita housing area and the Housing Area Equilibrium Coefficient, our31provinces could be divided into four distribution types which are "High area and Balanced","High area and Imbalanced","Low area and Balanced" and "Low area and Imbalanced". It should be noted that Beijing and Shanghai are falling into the type of "Low area and Balanced" though their economic development is very rapid. This showed that in these two cities, not only the average level but also the distribution structure of the urban housing conditions are too bad.The fifth part summarized the paper’s main conclusions and made some recommendations of estate planning according to the current problem of the housing area distribution. Such as controlling the housing prices in a reasonable way, advocating the correct housing consumption concept, strengthening the housing legal protection, perfecting the affordable housing policy, regulating the housing rental market system and setting different housing construction project according to the different conditions of each area. All these measures are for the purpose of improving the level of the urban residents’housing conditions and achieving the balanced development of the housing construction.The paper has two innovations:One is using spatial econometric method to studied the distribution of the urban housing area in31provinces which is not only the effective combination of the geography and the demography but also help to reveal the distribution of urban housing area more figuratively; the other is the application of Lorenzo curve and Gini coefficient which is the research tools of the income distribution gap in the distribution of the urban housing area. This is not only the healthy extension for both tools but also help to supplement the analytical methods of the real estate market as it is poor now. In a word, the application of the two methods can help to evaluate the current distribution status of the urban housing area more scientifically and objectively. One of the shortcomings of this paper is the construction of the Lorenzo curve of per capita housing area and the Housing Area Equilibrium Coefficient is not very precise due to the restriction of data, the other is the analyzing about the reason of the imbalance distribution of the urban housing area is not deeply enough.