A Comparative Study Of The Prepositions And The Auxiliary Wordsofthepeking Mandarin And Nanking Mandarin In19th Century

The Guide to Kuan Hua and A Course of Mandarin Lessons are both important colloquial mandarin textbooks abroad in the late19th century. There are many editions of The Guide to Kuan Hua, among which the more characteristic one is the one that published by Jiujiang Press. This Jiujiang edition of The Guide to Kuan Hua and A Course of Mandarin Lessons both have Vertical line typesetting, moreover, by the way of giving parallel words, they all take a record of the differences of words and grammar between Peking Mandarin and Nanking Mandarin, all these above make the two book valuable materials that we can use to do contrastive study of Peking Mandarin and Nanking Mandarin. Focusing on the prepositions and the auxiliary words that used in these two textbooks, with the methods of quantity and quality analysis, this paper does an exhaustive research of the usage of prepositions and the auxiliary words, and analyzes the differences of using of the prepositions and the auxiliary words in these two textbooks, through which we can summarize the characteristics of Peking Mandarin and Nanking Mandarin in the late19th century.This paper is divided into four parts:Part one is the introduction, which introduces the research survey of the base dialect of the Mandarinof Ming and Qing Dynasty and of the Chinese Mandarin textbooks of Europeans, Japanese and Koreans. Then we combs the research survey of both the prepositions and the auxiliary words, and we give a briefinstruction of the significance, the objects and the methods of the research.Part two is the comparative study of the prepositions. First is the overall summary: this paper lists out the frequencies and regions of each preposition; second is the case study: this paper analyzes nine groups of prepositions which has several functions and are used differently in Peking and Nanking Mandarins. Through the study we found that the differences of the prepositions between Peking and Nanking Mandarins in The Guide to Kuan Hua are more obvious than those in A Course of Mandarin Lessons.Part three is the comparative study of the auxiliary words. First, this paper gives an overall summary of the service condition of the auxiliary words; second is the case study, this paper describes and analyzes some auxiliary words which have a high usage frequency(“着”、“了”、“过”、“得”、“来/来着”、“的”、“呢”、“吗"and so on) exhaustively; then this paper studies the differences in using the auxiliary words between Peking and Nanking Mandarins with the help of the annotations, this paper also gives comments on the annotations. Through the study we found that, Peking and Nanking Mandarins do not have many differences in the using of dynamic auxiliary and structural auxiliary, but in the using of auxiliary words ’“来/来着”,“来”is mainly used in Nanking Mandarin, while’“来着”is mainly used in Peking Mandarin. Moreover, in the using of modal particles“么/吗”,The Guide to Kuan Hua prefers "么", while A Course of Mandarin Lessons uses“吗”only.Part four is the conclusion and complementary part. First, summarizes the characteristics of the prepositions and the auxiliary words both of Peking Mandarin and Nanking Mandarin in The Guide to Kuan Hua and A Course of Mandarin Lessons. Second, compares these with the research results of Peking Mandarin and Nanking Mandarin and the annotations in some dialect dictionaries. And then on that base this paper concludes and summarizes the characteristics of prepositions and auxiliary words of both Peking Mandarin and Nanking Mandarin, and also tries to explain how the north-south regional differences of Chinese mandarin come out.