| (Background]Death means the stop of life activity, death is one of the major life events, and death is an important factor that caused the changes of population. According to the WHO, all the phenomena of life disappeared forever at any time after birth was known as the "death", death before live birth was known as "fetal death", and it was not included by "death" within the scope of the vital statistics. Statistical data of death reflected the health status of a country or region and the health level of residents, and also reflected the influence of social economic, culture and health services impact on health level among residents.Analysis of the death causes was referred to the in-depth analyze death case of disease surveillance system, and calculate total mortality, mortality of the main death cause, mortality of (sex) age group, and so on, and determine the death level, composition of the death cause, and explore epidemiological characteristics of the main death cause and it’s change trend. Statistics analysis of death data was a basic work that in order to evaluate the health level of residents, the quality of health work and effect of disease prevention and control, and can objectively reflect the overall health status of residents and the size of disease burden, and provide important information for the prevention and treatment of disease, and provide the reference value for making health policy and planning.[Objectives]Description and analysis of death level and distribution characteristics of death cause among residents in Tai’an city, aimed at a more comprehensive and more systematic understanding the health level among residents in Tai’an city, and provide scientific basis for formulating health plan, building healthcare policy and the rational allocating health resources.[Methods]The death surveillance data used ICD-10standard code, and used Excel2003, SPSS16.0and the analysis tools of death surveillance data to analyze data. The constituent ratio used statistical description (frequency distribution), and the standardized mortality used the population composition of different age among the fifth national census in2000age as standard data. Comparing with the mortality used χ2test.[Results]1. The general situation of residents in Tai’an city.Through calculation, the coefficient of children population was15.60%, the coefficient of aged population was9.58%, the ratio of old and young was61.38%. Children’s burden coefficient was20.90%, elderly dependency ratio was12.80%, and the total burden coefficient was33.66%.2. The death status among residents in Tai’an city.2.1Gender, age distribution. The total number of death was38577, the crude mortality was699.63/10million, and the standardized mortality was477.40/10million in2012. Male was significantly higher than the female, and was1.40times. Age-specific mortality of all cause among residents was on the rise along with the age growth. The mortality was highest in65and older age groups (aged). The age-specific mortality of male was significantly higher than the female.2.2Death analysis of different demographic characteristics. In the whole population death cases, the Han nationality cases accounted for99.55%, married cases accounted for70.83%, and the illiterate or semiliterate patients accounted for47.63%. There were respectively95.73%and95.42%deaths that had permanent address and registered permanent residence address was the county. The death time was mainly concentrated in1～2month (respectively accounted for11.12%and10.52%), the deaths in July was least (accounted for6.94%).76.93%deaths was at home,58.50%was the county level hospitals of the highest diagnostic unit,63.83%cases was diagnosed based on clinical+physicochemical,71.87%cases were reported by the township hospital.3. Analysis of death status of three major diseases among residents in Tai’an city in2012.3.1Chronic disease. The chronic disease was main death cause in the area, the number of deaths was35023, accounted for90.79%, crude mortality was635.18/10million, and the standardized mortality425.58/10million. Male, female mortality ratio was1.36:1. The main crowd was35years and older, especially the older people (aged60and over) had the highest mortality.3.2Injury. The injury was second death cause, the number of deaths was2726, accounted for7.07%, crude mortality was49.44/10million, and the standardized mortality was41.05/10million. Male, female mortality ratio was2.31:1. The main crowd was10～34years old people; especially the young people (15～34years) had the highest mortality.3.3Infection, maternal and nutritional deficiency disease. The Infection, maternal and nutritional deficiency disease was third death cause, the number of deaths was557, accounted for1.44%, crude mortality was10.10/10million, and the standardized mortality was7.82/10million. Male, female mortality ratio was1.61:1. The main crowd were infancy (<1years) and elderly people (aged60years and above).4. Analysis on the composition of all death cause and mortality.4.1The sequence analysis of death cause. The malignant tumor, heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, respiratory system disease and injury were the top5severe diseases that affect physical and mental health, and account for92.87%.4.2Death causes analysis of different gender. The sequence of death causes was different in male and female. The malignant tumor was the leading death cause of male residents, and accounted for32.11%; heart disease was the leading death cause of female residents, accounted for29.90%.4.3Death causes analysis of different age groups. The mortality was374.14/10million in infancy (<1years old), and the main death cause was perinatal disease; the mortality was27.68/10million in early childhood (1-4years), the mortality was14.57/10million in childhood (5-14years), the mortality was54.91/10million in young people (15-34years), and the main death cause was injury; the mortality was3415.45/10million in middle-aged adults(35-59years old), and the main death cause was malignant tumor; the mortality was3650.63/10million in elderly people (aged60years and above), and the main death cause was heart disease.5. The composition of main death causes and changes of mortality.5.1Malignant tumor. The malignant tumor was primary death cause, accounted for27.91%, crude mortality was195.23/10million, and the standardized mortality was135.97/10million. The mortality of male was significantly higher than the female, and was2.04times. The mortality of malignant tumor significantly increased along with the age growth, and the main crowd was the elderly population (60years old and above), and the mortality was939.64/10million. In addition to10～and35～age group, the malignant tumor mortality of female was higher than male, and the malignant tumor mortality of male were higher than female in other age groups. The top4death causes were lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer in male and female, and the fifth death cause was colorectal cancer in male and breast cancer in female.5.2Heart disease. The heart disease was second death cause, accounted for25.06%, crude mortality was175.32/10million, and the standardized mortality was113.13/10million. The mortality of heart disease was high in0～and1～age group, then decreased. From the beginning of the15-age group, the mortality of heart disease significant increased along with the age growth. In addition to1～,15～age group, the heart disease mortality of male were higher than female in other age groups. The death cause sequence of heart disease was same in male and female, chemic heart disease (CHD) was the main death cause, the mortality were140.70/10million and138.20/10million respectively.5.3Cerebral vascular disease. The cerebral vascular disease was third death cause, accounted for23.44%, crude mortality was164.00/10million, and the standardized mortality was108.48/10million. The mortality of male was significantly higher than the female, and was1.25times. From the beginning of the20～age group, the mortality of cerebral vascular disease significantly increased along with the age growth, and the main crowd was the elderly people (60years old and above), and accounted for83.22%. In addition to5-age group, the cerebral vascular disease mortality of male were higher than female in other age groups.5.4Respiratory system disease. The respiratory system disease was fourth death cause, accounted for9.39%, crude mortality was65.72/10million, and the standardized mortality was42.27/10million. The mortality of male was significantly higher than the female, and was1.23times. From the beginning of the15-age group, the mortality of respiratory system disease significant increased along with the age growth. The main crowd was the elderly people (60years old and above), and accounted for93.49%. In addition to1～and15-age group, the respiratory system disease mortality of male were higher than female in other age groups. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was main death cause, accounted for88.27%.5.5Injury. The injury was fifth death cause, accounted for7.07%, crude mortality was49.44/10million, and the standardized mortality was41.05/10million. The mortality of male was significantly higher than the female, and was2.31times. The injury mortality is high in0～age group, and then declined, and from the beginning of the10～age group, the injury mortality gradually increased along with the age growth. The injury mortality was higher in40～and older age group (range53.01/10million to216.21/10million) than the annual average mortality (49.44/10million). The age-specific mortality of male was higher than female. The main death cause of male was transport accident, and the main death cause of female was Dutch act.6Life expectancyThe average life expectancy was77.13years old among residents in Tai’an city, the life expectancy of male was74.39years old, and the life expectancy of the female was79.91years old, the life expectancy of female was higher than male, and the life expectancy difference of male and female was5.52years.[Conclusions](1) Tai’an had entered the aged society, the average life expectancy had prolonged.(2) The mortality of all causes among residents was high in Tai’an city, especially the mortality was highest in elderly men.(3) Chronic disease was the main disease that threatened the health among residents in Tai’an city.(4) The malignant tumor was the leading death cause in male residents, and the heart disease was the leading death cause in female residents.(5) The main death cause was perinatal diseases in infancy, the main death cause was injury in early childhood, childhood and youth groups, the main death cause was malignant tumor in middle-aged people, and the main death cause was heart disease in elderly people.(6) The malignant tumor, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory system disease, and injury were the leading death causes among residents in Tai’an city.[Suggestions](1) We should pay more attention to the service of elderly population in the medical and health care service in the future, and actively take appropriate measures to alleviate the pension burden may be heavy pressure on society. (2) We should pay special attention to the health of middle-aged and elderly male population, and increase the health education among the elderly men, and promote healthy behavior and life style, and actively reduce the risk factors.(3) According to the different death situation in different sex and different age stages, we should develop corresponding health education and intervention of risk factors.(4) We should strengthen physical exercise, reasonable diet, and implement the national campaign against smoking, and so on, to prevent lung cancer, coronary heart disease, COPD etc. |
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