Investigation On The Apoptosis Effects And Mechanism Of Zymolytic Grain Extract In Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumors, and its cell growth, tissue structure,cell differentiation, tissue morphology and the molecular mechanism are highlydifferentiated. At present, the WHO (World Health Organization) classify gastriccancer as five types: papillary adenocarcinoma, tubular adenocarcinoma and mucousadenocarcinoma, low adhesion of gastric cancer (with or without signet ring cells) andother hybrid gastric cancers. These types derive from different clinical manifestationsand molecular mechanisms, and are also applied in different epidemiologyenvironment.The studies found that many elderly patients are suffering from chronic gastritis,which may cause intestinal metaplasia, atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer. Whilehelicobacter pylori infection is one of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer in adultpatients. The molecular mechanism of gastric cancer is very complex, one of which ishuman epidermal growth factor receptor2(HER2).Cell apoptosis refers to the cell autonomous ordered death controlled by genes tomaintain a stable internal environment in the cell, and this is different from thepathological conditions, apoptosis is an initiative death to adapt to the environmentbetter, instead of a passive process, which is also known as programmed cell death(PCD).Although the final results of apoptosis and necrosis are very similar, theirprocesses and performances are different. Necrosis is the death process of celldisordered change caused by strong impacts of physicochemical or biological factors.It is characterized by local serious inflammation caused by cell swelling, rupture ofmembranes and contents overflow. Apoptosis is an orderly changed death process inresponse to stimulus signal of physiological and pathological against environment, changes of environmental conditions or moderate damages. The change of apoptosisis obviously different from that of necrosis. This study intends to explore a newmethod of the treatment against gastric cancer by inducing apoptosis.Apoptotic pathways that have been found recently mainly include death receptorpathway, mitochondrial pathway and other pathways. Death receptor pathway is akind of extrinsic pathway, which is triggered by the association of tumor necrosisfactor (TNF) superfamily and death ligands and transfers extracellular signals intointracellular through death receptor. The apoptosis pathway mediated bymitochondria induces potential loss of mitochondrial membrane, cytochrome c release,Caspases activation, and eventual leads to chromatin condensation, DNAfragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies.Caspases refers to cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase and belongs to thecysteine protein family. They are key proteins in apoptosis. Under normal conditions,Caspases exist in the form of inactive zymogen in cells. Only after the apoptoticstimulation, one will be cut by itself or other Caspases, and plays the role in activeform.Cereal beverages are drinks prepared with cereal as fermentation substrate byfermentation, degradation and catalysis of enzymes. Zymolytic grain extract (ZGE) isa kind of listed beverages in consist of fermented nine grain black rice, black rice,barley, millet, corn, rice, glutinous rice, rice, sorghum. It is riched in a variety ofnucleic acids, amino acids, proteins, polypeptides, polysaccharides, vitamins and trace elements, all of which are life nutrients required for normal metabolism ofhuman cells, tissues, organs systems. In clinical application, it has brought some goodresults.Firstly, at cellular levels, we treated two cell lines of gastric cancer (BGC-823and SGC-7901) with the supernatant of Zymolytic grain extract, and screened celltoxicities. Then, via flow cytometry, we detected whether the supernatant couldinduce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The results showed that the supernatant ofZymolytic grain extract could induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis (BGC-823andSGC-7901). Based on the theory of apoptosis pathway, we investigated the molecularmechanisms of apoptosis induced by the supernatant of Zymolytic grain extract. Wefirst tested if this depended on Caspases, detected activities of Caspases, and thenconfirmed the apoptosis pathway was death receptor pathway or mitochondrialpathway.According to the clinical roles of Zymolytic grain extract, we detected the CD4and CD8changes of mice on the thymus and spleen cell level. The data indicated thatboth CD4and CD8positive cells were increased.Our research target is to find out the mechanism of Zymolytic grain extract byobserving the repair and killing effects of the abnormalities cells, as tumor cells, bythe active ingredients. And lay the root for the development of the products withanti-tumor efficacies.