Expressional Pattern Of Dkk1as Bone Resorption Marker In Gingival Crevicular Fluid Of Chronic Periodontitis Patients

BackgroundChronic periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral inflammatory diseases with multiple complications. Alveolar bone loss is one of the major and most serious complications associated with chronic periodontitis which ended by tooth loss. Dickkopf1(DKK1) is a major inhibitor of wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway which serve as an important marker for detection of bone loss. Detection of DKK1level in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis patients may serve as one of potential biomarker for alveolar bone loss in these patients Chronic periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide and which has a wide range of complications starting with gingival inflammation and ending by tooth loss. The aim of this study is to detect the expressional level of DKK1as bone resorption marker in patients with chronic periodontitis before&after non-surgical periodontal therapy in comparison to healthy individuals.MethodsBone-resorbing activity was assessed in GCFs collected from patients with chronic periodontitis. Our study was performed on28patients, who were divided randomly into3groups;13patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis,10patients with mild chronic periodontitis, and5healthy control group. Observed and recorded the clinical indicators of the selected tooth (46):gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL). GCF samples were collected by using filter paper strip method from the whole study population before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy in the form of scaling and root planning. DKK1levels were measured at three different time points (one week after supra-gingival scaling, one week after sub-gingival scaling, and one month after sub-gingival scaling. DKK1protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tested the correlation with GI,PD, CAL.Results1. Pearson correlation coefficient test (r) was done to assess correlation between GCF level of DKK1and the clinical periodontal indices. The following was found:positive correlation between DKK.1and PD (r=0.611, P<0.05), Positive correlation between DKK1and CAL (r=0.678, P<0.05) and moderate correlation between DKK1and GI (r=0.447, P<0.05).2. Mean value of DKK1level in moderate to severe group (8.6692±1.97497 ug/L), mild group(7.1560±54557) and healthy group (6.8300±1.05674). GCF DKK1level was positively correlated with the severity of chronic periodontitis,(P<0.05.). For moderate to severe group the concentration of DKK1in GCF was9,47±1.99ug/L at1week after sub-gingival scaling, and8.21±1.68ug/L at1month after sub-gingival scaling.Conclusion1. The present study showed significant positive correlation between the severity of chronic periodontitis as a major cause of alveolar bone resorption and the expressional level of DKK1.2. DKK1can probably be used as an important indicator in the clinical detection of periodontitis, suggesting an marker as a potential target for treatment of chronic periodontitis-related alveolar bone resorption.