The Research In The Relationship Between Total Dietary Fatty Intake And Fatty Acid Composition And The Index Of Chronic Non-communicable Disease In Pumi Nationality Of Yunnan

Objective Basing on a on-site nutritional epidemiology examination survey and laboratory detection conducted in Lanping Bai nationality and Pumi nationality autonomous county of Nujiang state in Yunnan Province in August2011,this study examined the present situation of chronic non-communicable diseases such as dyslipidemia,hypertension,diabetes,obesity and so on,dietary nutrition,dietary structure,dietary fatty intake and fatty acid composition of the Pumi nationality residents who were over18years old.We researched the relationship between the chronic non-communicable diseases and diet habits and dietary fatty intake and fatty acid composition of the local residents.We proposed the effective ways and suggestions appropriated for Pumi nationality to prevent and control the chronic non-communicable diseases,and then provided the scientific basis to prevent and control the chronic non-communicable diseases.Methods (1)3townships were chosen based on random sampling method in Lanping Bai nationality and Pumi nationality autonomous county of Nujiang state in Yunnan Province,then several surveyed villages were chosen randomly from the3townships.The last,residents of Pumi nationality aged18and older in the choosed villages were chosen randomly to accept the inquiring survey,dietary survey,medical examination and laboratory testing.(2)The medical examination and laboratory testing including:the measurement of the height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,the fat rate of body,visceral fat index and blood pressure,the extraction of the fasting blood,and the testing of total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein and serum glucose on an empty stomach blood according to the national standard method.(3)By applicating food frequency method,we inquiried and recorded the intake frequency and intake quantity of the primary food eating by the investigated population in recent one year,so as to reflect the nutrient and dietary intake status of the research object for a relatively long period.By applicating3days24hours recall diet survey method,we inquiried and recorded the personal food intake quantity of the investigated population in continuous3days,so as to reflect the nutrient and dietary intake status of the research object for a relatively short period.By applicating chemical analysis method,we used the gas chromatograph instrument to detect the intake quantity of ten kinds of fatty acids which had close relationships with chronic non-communicable diseases and total dietary fatty acid in mixed diet.After confirmed and checked, all survey data were entered to the Epidata3.1database and then SPSS17.0software was used for the statistical analysis of data.Results (1)376participants consented to participate in the survey, including132male(35.1%) and244female(64.9%).The number of the research object aged18-49,50-59,60-69and70-79were respectively252(67.0%),69(18.4%),38(10.1%) and17(4.5%).The prevalence of smoking and alcohol of residents in Lanping Pumi nationality autonomous county were31.4%and31.1%respectively.(2)58out of376people in the survey suffered hypertension and the prevalence was15.4%,in which28male people suffered hypertension and the prevalence was21.2%;30female people suffered hypertension and the prevalence was12.3%.With the growth of age,the prevalence of hypertension showed an upward trend(P<0.001).Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of hypertension suggested that the risk of men suffering from hypertension was2.52times of the female (OR=0.397); The age,BMI,visceral fat index and family history of hypertension were the risk factors of hypertension. The risk of the older people suffering from hypertension was3.113times of the younger people (OR=3.113).The risk of the people with higher BMI suffering from hypertension was2.186times of the people with lower BMI (OR=2.186).The risk of the people with higher visceral fat index suffering from hypertension was1.242times of the people with lower visceral fat index(OR=1.242).The risk of the people with family history of hypertension suffering from hypertension was5.961times of the people without family history of hypertension (OR=5.961).(3)The prevalence of the hypercholesterolemia of the376people in the survey was8.0%and the prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemia was19.1%.Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of hyperlipidemia suggested that the risk of men suffering from hyperlipidemia was2.00times of the female (OR=0.499);BMI and educational level were the risk factors of hyperlipidemia.The risk of the people with higher BMI suffering from hyperlipidemia was2.452times of the people with lower BMI (OR=2.452).The risk of the people with higher educational level suffering from hyperlipidemia was1.244times of the people with lower educational level (OR=1.244).(4)15out of376people in the survey suffered diabetes and the prevalence was4.0%,in which7male people suffered diabetes and the prevalence was5.3%;8female people suffered diabetes and the prevalence was3.3%.35people suffered impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) and the prevalence was9.3%,in which14male people suffered IGT and the prevalence was10.6%;21female people suffered IGT and the prevalence was8.6%.Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of diabetes suggested that the age,BMI and blood triglyceride(TG) were the risk factors of diabetes.The risk of the older people suffering from diabetes was1.762times of the younger people (OR=1.762).The risk of the people with higher BMI suffering from diabetes was2.188times of the people with lower BMI (OR=2.188).The risk of the people with higher blood triglyceride(TG) level suffering from diabetes was1.596times of the people with lower blood triglyceride(TG) level (OR=1.596).(5)31out of376people in the survey suffered obesity and the prevalence was8.3%,in which11male people suffered obesity and the prevalence was8.4%;20female people suffered obesity and the prevalence was8.3%.91people suffered overweight and the prevalence was24.4%,in which31male people suffered overweight and the prevalence was23.7%;60female people suffered overweight and the prevalence was24.8%.Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of obesity suggested that the physical labor intensity was the protective factor of obesity.The risk of the people with lower physical labor intensity suffering from obesity was13.70times of the people with higher physical labor intensity (OR=0.073).The educational level, annual household income,abdominal obesity and visceral fat index were the risk factors of obesity.The risk of the people with higher educational level suffering from obesity was1.442times of the people with lower educational level (OR=1.442).The risk of the people with higher annual household income suffering from obesity was274.57times of the people with lower annual household income (OR=274.57).The risk of the people with higher visceral fat index suffering from obesity was5.930times of the people with lower visceral fat index (OR=5.930).The risk of the people with abdominal obesity suffering from obesity was56.20times of the people without abdominal obesity (OR=56.20).(6)The results of dietary survey showed that diet characteristics of the Pumi nationality residents were mainly dominated by cereal and vegetables,the next were meat of livestock and poultry and potato food. The intake quantity of the livestock meat and animal oil far exceeded the food guide pagoda reference,the intake quantity of table salt was also relatively high.The intake quantity of the other cereals,bean and bean products,fruits,nuts,fish and shrimp,milk and milk products and eggs were inadequate. The dietary pattern of the Pumi nationality residents existed some unreasonable problems.Multi-factor logistic regression analysis of diet suggested that other cereals,potato food,vegetables,bean and bean products,fruits,nuts,fish and shrimp were the protective factors of dyslipidemia,hypertension,diabetes and obesity.The livestock meat,milk and milk products and animal oil were the dangerous factors of dyslipidemia,hypertension,diabetes and obesity.The table salt was the dangerous factor of hypertension.(7)The dietary fat intake of the Pumi nationality residents was too high.In three nutrients that supply energy,the percentages of energy from fat arrived39.06%,far exceeded the range of recommended values(20%-30%),the percentages of energy from carbohydrates belowed the range of recommended values,the percentages of energy from protein just arrived the low limit of the range of recommended values.73.66%of fat intake was from animal food. The type,quantity and constituent ratio of the saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in diets had close relationships with chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Influencing factors logistic regression analysis of dietary fat showed that the total SFA,C14:0,C16:0and C18:0were the dangerous factors of chronic non-communicable diseases such as dyslipidemia,hypertension,diabetes and obesity.The total MUFA,C16:1,C18:l,total PUFA,LA,ALA,AA,EPA,DHA,n-6PUFA and n-3PUFA were the protective factors of chronic non-communicable diseases.The ratio of SFA, MUFA and PUFA (S/M/P) of the Pumi nationality residents was1:1.42:0.52,which didn’t conform with the requirement of S/M/P recommend and suitable ratio1:1:1.The intake of PUFA was too low.The ratio of n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA was13.04:1,which far exceeded the recommend ratio of n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA((4-6):1) by Chinese Nutrition SocietyConclusion In Lanping Bai nationality and Pumi nationality autonomous county of Nujiang state in Yunnan Province, Pumi nationality residents’prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher than the2002Chinese adult level.The major type of dyslipidemia was low blood high-density lipoprotein.The prevalence of the diabetes,impaired glucose tolerance(IGT),overweight and obesity were all higher than the2002Chinese adult level and lower than the2010Chinese adult level.The prevalence of the hypertension was lower than the2002Chinese adult level.The dietary fatty intake,fatty acid composition and dietary pattern of the Pumi nationality residents existed some unreasonable problems,while unreasonable diet habit had an impact on chronic non-communicable diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension,diabetes and obesity.We should actively advocate scientific and reasonable diet habit and lifestyle, adjust dietary structure, dietary fatty intake and fatty acid constituent ratio,improve the health level and prevent the happen of chronic non-communicable diseases,in order to reduce the hazards of chronic non-communicable diseases to the minority nationality residents’ health.