| National people’s physical fitness is not only an important part of the comprehensivenational strength of a country but also an important symbol of social civilization and progress.Pupils and middle school students will be talented people of the country in the future. Inrecent years, physical quality index of primary and middle school students in China hascontinued to decline. The current physical fitness of primary and middle school students inChina needs to improve. Due to the special geographical characteristics of Chongqing, thereis not only the difference between the rich and the poor, but also the difference between urbanareas and rural areas. At present, the overnutrition problem of urban students in Chongqing isvery striking, while the malnuttrition in the rural students still has a certain proportion.Widespread nutritional imbalance of students not only influences their present life, learningand growth, but also a risk factor for many adult nutrition-related chronic diseases. Thesurveys about Chongqing students’ physical fitness in the past did not research according tothe levels of economic development. Some data were only from the main urban district, thusleading to deviation. Former surveys concerning students’ physique did not investigatestudents’ dietary habits, food consumption and nutrient intake levels, either. In order to fullyunderstand the physical fitness and nutritional status of primary and middle school students inthe whole city, an investigation about the physical fitness and nutritional status of primary andmiddle school students in different regions was conducted in April and May,2011.According to the different levels of economic development, all districts and counties inChongqing city were generally divided into three levels (i.e. a circle and two flanks: the maincity district, Southeast flank, Northeast flank),4districts and counties were chosen from eachlevel; each district or county was divided into two levels of urban and rural, from which twomiddle schools and primary schools were chosen; and then one class of each grade of these schools were randomly selected and all students in the class were enrolled. In this way, a totalof23316students from96primary and secondary schools in12districts and counties ofChongqing were enrolled in the study. The height, body weight, chest circumference,waistline, hipline, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, abdominal skinfoldthickness, left and right eyesight of students were measured. The sit-and-reach, standing longjump score, medicine ball score, and vital capacity were reference to the last achievement.The food consumption and the intake of energy and nutrients were investigated by the24hrecall dietary survey. After sorting out the data collected and rejecting unqualified forms,effective data were input by using the EPI INFO software. This paper analyzed a total of21493students of primary and secondary schools at7to18years old. Statistical analyseswere performed using the SPSS17.0package. Results are presented as the mean±standarddeviation(x s).Comparison among multiple groups is analyzed by one-way ANONA andcomparison in two groups is analyzed by t test. The incidences were compared using thechi-squared test. Significance of difference was set at P <0.05.The main results and conclusion of this study are as follows:1. The height of students from Chongqing urban was significantly higher than that of thesame age and gender students from Chongqing rural. The height of students from the maincity district was significantly higher than that of the same age and gender students fromSoutheast and Northeast (P <0.05). The weight of boys aged from7to18and girls aged from7to12in Chongqing’s main city district were significantly higher than that of the same ageand gender students in Southeast flank (P <0.05). Girls over the age of13in Chongqing Citybasically had the same body weight. The indexes of the chest circumference, waistline andarm circumference of students in different areas of Chongqing were generally accord with thebody weight trend. It proves that the morphological development index of students in primaryand middle schools in Chongqing City is in substantial agreement with the levels of economicdevelopment.2. Malnutrition and obesity coexist among primary and middle school students indifferent districts of Chongqing City. In main city area, the obesity rate of boys was10.84%and that of girls was6.77%, significantly higher than that in Southeast and Northeast (P <0.05). The malnutrition rate of boys in main city and the Southeast area was significantlyhigher than that of the Northeast area (P <0.05). The malnutrition rate of boys in main city area was the highest with7.86%and significantly higher than that of students in the Southeastand Northeast (P<0.05). In different area of Chongqing, the lower weight proportion was stillhigh, and the boys in the Southeast had the highest lower weight rate.3. As to the physical fitness and bodily function of primary and secondary schoolstudents in different districts, vital capacity of the students in the Northeast was the best;students in Southeast had the best flexibility; the students before the age of16in main cityand the Northeast area had better strength and explosive force index, but after the age of17students in Southeast were better. It should be noted that a number of quality function indexesof17-18years old students of the main city area decline comparing with16years old students.This may be related to great learning pressure, heavy task and ignoring the body exercise ofgrade two and grade three students in urban senior middle schools.4. The rate of poor eyesight of boys and girls in each district increased with the age. Therate of poor eyesight of students aged7-12in Southeast area was significantly higher than thatof the same age and same gender students in main city district(P <0.05), but the rate of pooreyesight of students aged16-18students in each district was more than50%and nosignificant difference in different districts. The poor eyesight rate of primary school studentsin Southeast was significantly higher than that in other districts, and the reason needs to befurther explored.5. There are some unhealthy dietary habits of primary and middle school students inChongqing City. The food consumption of meat, milk, fish, vegetables and fruits in main citydistrict was much more than that in Southeast and Northeast area, but the intake amount ofcereals and beans was less than that in other districts (P <0.05). Compared with therecommended quantity of food consumption by the balance diet pagoda for Chinese residents,students’ intakes of fish and shrimp, vegetables, fruits and milk in different districts ofChongqing were obviously insufficient. And compared with Chinese resident DRIs (Dietaryreference intakes), the intakes of energy, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium and zinc wereinsufficient.In a word, the morphological development index of middle and primary school studentsfrom the main city districts with better economic development level was better than that of theSoutheast flank with general economic development level, and this was related to their betterdietary pattern and nutrition intake. However, students from the main city districts had no advantages in physical function index, especially those grade two and grade three students insenior middle schools, which may be related to heavy learning tasks and lack of physicalexercise. Primary and secondary school students’ physical fitness in Chongqing is not so good;students’ dietary habits are not good; food collocation is not scientific, and some nutrientintakes are insufficient. Therefore, the Health Bureau, the board of education, schools andparents should pay high attention to this problem and take effective measures to improve thenutriture of students. |
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