N~+Ion Beam Of Mutation Breeding On Melon(Cucumis Melo Var.Saccharinus)

Hami melon is Cucurbitaceae annual herbaceous plant, a special type of muskmelon, originating in Xinjiang, Shanshan, Hami and other regions. It is popular with consumers due to great taste. The growing requirements for Xinjiang Hami melon are high and most varieties are not disease-resistant; therefore, the introduction of Xinjiang Hami melon is difficult. It is hard to breed excellent varieties being grown in various regions and the traditional field breeding can only improve single trait, but it is difficult to simultaneously change multiple traits and breeding length is long. Mutation breeding has the advantages of increasing mutation rate, expanding mutation spectrum, simultaneously improving multiple traits, stabling traits quickly, and shorting breeding length, and has the disadvantage of uncertain direction and nature of induced mutations. It has a unique role to apply the ion implantation technology in improving plant traits. Firstly, under conditions of limited germplasm resources, it can induce new mutations to produce useful mutations; it is the fundamental difference from the cross-breeding. Cross-breeding selects new varieties in accordance with the intended target, and their offspring traits can only be derived from the parents. When the parents have no such genes, only sources from distant species, foreign germplasm resources or even wild species can be taken into account, in which way it brought many negative traits, increased the difficulty of breeding new varieties, reduced the breeding success rate. Secondly, some new useful mutations can be produced in the condition of the same genetic background. Finally, it can be used in the phytomelioration of vegetative propagation, which is not an application of the cross-breeding.In this paper, nitrogen ion beam was injected into Hami melon seeds, and germination rates of Hami melon seeds were observed. The mutagenic effects of ion beam on melon seeds were observed; excellent mutations were selected to breed potential Hami melon varieties which were suitable for various regions. Excellent materials were selected in the pathogen inoculation experiments of bacterial fruit blotch to breed disease-resistant materials.The results of this paper are as follows:1. The ion beam implantation has reduced the germination rate of experimental materials; implantation dose showed a highly significant correlation with germination energy and with germination rate. The "saddle-type" curved activities of experimental materials after the ion implantation were confirmed. When the dose reached, the germination rate of materials in the experimental group was close to that in the control group.2. The colonization of experimental group showed that the emergence rates were up to98%, indicating the germination rates and emergence rates of the experimental materials with ion beam implantation were consistent.3. Obvious mutations of experimental materials within seedling period were observed but disappeared gradually after colonization and no differences were observed between F1generation and the parents.4. The pathogen inoculation experiments of bacterial fruit blotch showed that some mutations were disease-resistant and some were not. Further studies were needed after seeds from disease-resistant materials were planted.5.The selection of the2excellent fruit, sugar content of MW-1-06-X-2-4was11.1%higher than CK, the single fruit weight15.3%; FW-2-04-Y-1-2content was higher than8.3%, weight18.7%, is the performance of single fruit best mutagenic material.6.M2seeding, inoculation of bacterial fruit blotch pathogen, within one week after onset of morbidity statistics M2. From the results that MW-1-06-X-2-1-4and FW-2-04-Y-1-2incidence were lower than that of the control table, consistent with the results of quality analysis, variation is obvious.7.M1group received with mixed F1generation seeds, sowing after the emergence of a large number of variations of fruit. The small fruit plant, adverse variation and more malformed fruit shape, also appeared in the early fruit, good characters of fruit and other excellent variation. That there are similarities technology induced by ion beam and other mutagenesis, the mutant is diversity, can be used in melon breeding.