Effects Of Microorganisms And Conditioners On Tomato Straw And Livestock Manure Composting And Fertilization Efficiency

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s vegetable industry and thelivestock and poultry industry, a large number of vegetable stubble and animal manurehave become the two most important sources of agricultural non-point source pollutionin China, which has seriously affected the sustainable development of China’s vegetableindustry and the livestock and poultry industry. From resources, economic andenvironmental aspects to consider, vegetable waste and animal manure can be achievedharmless and resource through the high-temperature composting, and to achieve thedocking of farming and aquaculture development. However, on the one hand, thevegetable stubbles have higher water content than general agricultural waste, they maycarry some vegetables pathogenic microorganisms and inhibit the composting process;on the other hand, livestock manure composting has some problems, just like it has along fermentation period, a serious loss of nitrogen, unpleasant gases. Because of this,the experiment was to select microorganism agents and the best conditioning agents toimprove the quality of compost during tomato straw and chicken manure composting, byadding microbial agents and conditioners such as straw charcoal, pea and zeolite. Inorder to ascertain the change in the nature and elements retained during the compostprocess and to provide a theoretical basis and technical support to resolve the core issuesof the vegetables stubble fertilizer at the same time. The main conclusions of this studyare as follows：(1) The major material of this study is tomato straw, which has higher moisturecontent than other crop residues, it is difficult to degradate because of high content oflignin and cellulose. The results showed that the addition of No.1microorganism agentsignificantly promoted the maturing. There was the highest temperature (52.7℃) anddegradation rate of organic matter (34.99%), the high temperature lasts for a longduration; the growth rate of seed germination index is the fastest.(2) The quantity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes showed a trend of increased andthen decreased,there is only one peak during the composting process, reason may be thatthe temperature is more than in the intermediate temperature phase (<55℃), mesophilicbacteria is in a dominant position, mesophilic bacteria and thermophilic bacteriasuccession is not obvious.(3) The study which adding conditioners into compost showed that the treatmentwhich added1%straw carbon is the best,its total nitrogen content increased by10.06%,total phosphorus increased by52.36%. And the increase of nitrate content is the most, thereduction of water-soluble ammonium nitrogen is the least, the index of germination isthe highest at the end of the compost.(4) Compared the cross-sectional shape of straw carbon, peat and zeolite before and after composting, straw carbon has high porosity,and can be attached to a large number ofmicro-organisms, this may be the reason that it can promote composting.(5) Fertilizer efficiency studies have shown that organic fertilizer and chemicalfertilizer meet the demand of N, P, K nutrient of rape, increase the chlorophyll content ofrape. Compared with traditional compost and chemical fertilizer, adding microorganismagents and conditioning agents into the compost can increase the yield of rape, increasethe N, P, K nutrient content of the soil. It can take into account the economic andenvironmental benefits.