| Fungi are major microorganisms in composting of agricultural waste, can improve decomposition of organic matter. Chicken manure and wheat straw are the important agricultural waste on north of China, their output were huge and produced centralized, there were large number of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and microelement of nutrition in chicken manure and wheat straw, without recycling they will result in loss of resource and environmental pollution. The aerobic composting is an important method for recycling of agricultural waste, this paper isolated and identified the fungi in composting of chicken manure and wheat straw, then studied the effects and utilization of major fungi in composting, and achieved results bellowing:1. The paper isolated and identified fungi of composting of wheat straw and chicken manure, and found 41 strains belong to 8 genus. Trichoderma F08 and Chaetomium F15 were isolated from different samples of temperature, they were dominant strains. By identification, F08 was Trichoderma longibrachiatum and F15 was Chaetomium globsum. Results of biological character researched showed that, the lethal temperature of Trichoderma longibrachiatum F08 and Chaetomium globsum F15 are 55℃,65℃, they are not strict with choice of cultural medium, and can grow under pH4～10, so F08 and F15 have ability of resistant high temperature and adaptability, and fit to make microbial agent.2. The effects of F08 and F15 to temperature, number of microorganism, enzyme activities, pH and EC during aerobic composting of chicken manure and wheat straw were explored. Results showed that, compared with CK, fungi inoculated in composting made temperature rise quicker, the temperature reached 72℃only after 3d, and prolonged high temperature period to 14d; and increase the number of microorganism; the enzyme activity of inoculated fungi composting such as cellulose,dehydrogenase,urease,catalase,polyphenoloxidase and sucrase were all higher than CK, but the trend of change was consistent; PH was lower and EC was higher. Research indicating that F08 and F15 inoculated in composting was in favor of decomposition of agricultural waste.3. This paper introduced a microbial agent for decomposition named CM, which included Trichoderma longibrachiatum F08,Chaetomium globsum F15 and some bacteria,actinomycetes, the effects of CM on the aerobic composting of wheat straw and chicken manure was studied. The results compared with another agent JM and no inoculated CK showed that, CM can promote the composting temperature rapidly and delay period of high temperature; reduce the odour release; improve maximal rate of consume oxygen and GI; CM can help to increase the content of NH4+-N and reduce the content of N03--N; CM can depress C/N ratio and E4/E6 value. The studied indicated that CM can promote the maturity of composting and improve the rate of decomposition during the composting process, it can be applied in composting of agricultural waste.4. The producing method of environmental friendly fertilizer was introduced in this study, such as bio-fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer. The paper studied the effects of them on qualities and yielding of several crops. The results showed that, the bio-fertilizer improved content of sugar reached 17.5%,7.8%;the organic-inorganic fertilizer promoted the yields of wheat,maize,cucumber,cabbage,apple and pear to 19.3%,21.6%,18.4%,17.8%,17.8%,19.9%.The study indicated that, the bio-fertilizer has benefit to improve the quality of fruit and character of soil, the organic-inorganic fertilizer can significantly promoted the yields of several crops and improve its quality. Therefore, application of the environment friendly fertilizer can make agriculture of china not depend on chemical fertilizer currently, this can contribute to the development of the green agriculture of china.5. The effects of bio-fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer on growth period,plant height,yield and quality of spring and summer sowing soybean were studied. The results showed that, compared with chemical fertilizer alone and CK, the bio-fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer improved the main factors of soybean such as plant height,branches,protein and fat,seeds per plant,weight of 100-seeds,seeds weight per plant,yield, except growth period,stem diameter and Nodes of main stem, the difference of others were level of significance. Organic-inorganic fertilizer can promote soybean growth, improve yield and quality of soybean; the bio-fertilizer can improve the quality of soybean significance, the increase yield ability is similar to chemical fertilizer.
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