The Construction And Study On The Casting Of Head And Cerebral Artery Of Dog

Dogs are both the important companion animals for mankind and model animalsfor medical experiments. In order to study the whole shape of the head and brainarteries and the relationship between the blood vessels. This paper created the castingmethod and architecture of the head and cerebral artery. Received a complete andbeautiful vascular cast of the head and brain artery in dog. It opens up a new methodfor the study of dog’s artery of head. In addition, observed the whole shape of thehead and brain arteries and the distribution of the main artery on the head. Thestereoscopic casting of dog complete shows the morphological characteristics, itsbranch conditions and the relationship between each other of the major blood vessels.The stereoscopic casting of head and brain in dog corresponds to the head shapeof living dog. The arteries of head are mainly distributed in the front and the ventral ofthe head. The arteries of brain were located at the inside of the back of head. Bloodvessels that mainly supply the head and face was external carotid artery and itsbranches. The brain was supplied by two main sources, the internal carotid artery andthe basilar artery. The arteries of dog’s head can be classified as shallow and deep.The shallow arteries mainly include the occipital artery, the lingual artery, the facialartery, the caudal auricular artery and the superficial temporal artery. The deep arteriesmainly include the terminal branch of the maxillary artery and the internal carotidartery’s branches. The arteries which supply the maxilla are the lesser palatine, thegreater palatine and the sphenopalatine. The arteries distribution to the mandible arethe lingual artery, the sublingual artery and the mandibular alveolar artery. Thearteries supply the buccal which including the maxillary labial artery, the mandibularlabial artery and the angular artery.The external carotid artery is the continuation of the common carotid. It runsalong and divides to some branches to supply the facial. The main branches are: thelingual artery, the facial artery, the maxillary artery and the superficial temporal artery.These branches respectively supply each organ of the head. The blood supply to theeye are the external ophthalmic artery which gives off by the maxillary artery, themalar artery, the superficial temporal artery and the internal ophthalmic artery. Theblood supply to the tongue include the lingual artery, the perihyoid branches and thethe sublingual artery from the facial artery. The blood supply to the nose include theexternal ethmodial artery from the external ophthalmic artery, the lesser palatineartery and the descending palatine artery which from the maxillary artery and theInternal ethmoid artery. The blood supply to the lips include the facial artery’sbranches and the mandibular alveolar artery. The brain is supplied by the internalcarotid artery and the basilar artery formed by the vertebral artery.The internal carotid artery is relatively tiny compared with the external carotidartery. Near its origin it is related to the occipital arteries. A variable enlargement islocated close to its origin which as the carotid sinus of human’s. The far end graduallyget shrink and give off branches to supply the brain. The internal carotid arteryformed a s bending at the base of cranial cavity. It enters the carotid canal via the jugular foramen and, after describing a bend near. The foramen lacerum, it enters thecranial cavity. Between the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma, through the epiduralon top of cavernous sinus. It divided into the middle cerebral artery, the rostralcerebral artery and the caudal communicating artery.The cerebral arterial circle of dog is composed of the internal carotid artery andthe basilar artery, had no epidural retia mirabile. The front end of basilar artery giveoff the caudal cerebral artery, and then through the caudal communicating arteryconsistent with the branches of the Internal carotid artery. The anterior communicatingartery was absent in the circulus arteriosus in dogs, instead of a single median anteriorcerebral artery. Besides, the two vertebral arteries and the ventral spinal artery formeda circulus as diamond. It is more developed than humans and other animals.There were multiple vascular anastomosis phenomenon on both sides of dog’sface. The primary anastomosis included: the perihyoid branches from both side of thelingual arteries were anastomosed. The mandibular alveolar artery coms from themaxillary artery. At the end, it give off some tiny branches which anastomosed withthe opposite side of the branches of the mandibular alveolar artery in the bottom lip.The lateral nasal artery is a branch of the infraorbital artery. It anastomosed with theopposite side of the lateral nasal artery in the columellar region. The middlemeningeal artery divides into a rostral and a caudal branch, the rostral branch give offan anastomotic branch with the internal carotid artery, joins the external ophthalmicartery. The internal ophthalmic artery from the cerebral arterial circle anastomosedwith the external ophthalmic artery. The external ethmoidal from the externalophthalmic artery was anastomosed with the internal ethmoid artery which comesfrom the rostral cerebral artery. The caudal auricular artery gives off the lateralauricular branch, it usually anastomoses with the intermediate auricular branch andthe medial auricular branch, both of them were also from the caudal auricular artery.