| Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) Keng f. is one of the main wild mixed bamboo in southern China, Bamboo and wood used, general growing in Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangzhou Province. It grew fast and has a length shoot period, high yield and abundant nutrition, and has excellent ecological benefits such as soil and water conservation and environment beautification and so on,. In the current, area of cultivation of Pleioblastus amarus has expanded, but the research foundation is weak, and it can’t meet the demand of production practice. The author researched high-yield cultivation and key technology of Pleioblastus amarus. Mainly includes:Determining the growth factors of the basic standard of bamboo, the proportion of biomass of different parts, the moisture of ground-part; how much degree influence of the factors which are the unit bamboo density and age structure on the shoot yield; how much degree influence of the factors which are inorganic fertilizer NPK different ratio, different fertilization and fertilization mode on shoot yield, quality and bamboo shoot NPK content; how much degree influence of the factors which are different proportion of organic fertilizer and growth regulators on shoot yield; how much degree influence of the factors which are different kinds of fertilizer containing the same amount of NPK fertilizer (inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer) on the quality of Pleioblastus amarus shoots, and the comparison with no fertilizer treatment. On the basis of these studies, the author combined them with the previous research achievements, and summarized a set of high yield technique system of Pleioblastus amaru.The main results are as follows:1. Bamboo height increases with age, the first low after the high. The height of1a is as1.19times or1.13times as2a or3a, diameter at breast height, crown width and plant biomass was increasing with age. diameter at breast height, crown width and plant biomass of3years Pleioblastus amarus were5.17cm,2.51cm,7.47kg.2. Percentage of biomass of bamboo rhizome was the highest.la,2a and3a were54%,27%,34%, then was the Bamboo culms, which was first increased and then decreased with the increase of age, but the change was little. The largest amplitude of change in Biomass accounted is bamboo leaves.3. On the ground in various organs, the water content in leaf was highest, first increase and then decrease with the age increase, but the amplitude is not large, relatively stable. On the ground of each component part, the percentage of moisture content in1a straw was66.73%,which was the highest, respectively as 1.76times and2.13times as2a,3a. Water content in stalk and branch was increased first and then decreased with the increase of bamboo height. Water Bamboo Culms and shoots in1a was the highest, respectively72.94%and68.71%;water content in all age of Pleioblastus amarus leaf is relatively stable.4. The shoot period of Pleioblastus amarus was mid March to mid May, the trend of shoot was first increased and then decreased, the peak time for early April to late, about20d, accounted for57.45%of the total shoot, the highest total shoot is the treatment-6, that is, management density of12500strains per hm2, age structure is1:1.The degenerated rate maintained at between24%and33.33%in those treatments. Through the reasonable digging bamboo shoots, saving bamboo remained between4000strains per hm2to6500strains per hm2. Regression analysis of the bamboo shoot yield factor for the performance of Bamboo shoot yield, shoot number, shoot number per plant, weight and Hsinchu average DBH of regression equations were not significant.5. Inorganic fertilizer nine treatments’average shoots ratio of36.5%. Fertilization mode is to broadcast. The factors affecting the relationship between primary and secondary are fertilizer amount>NPK ratio> fertilization method. The optimal combination of the factors as the ratio of NPK3:1:2, fertilizer application amount is2000kg·hm-2. In each period, the weight of the flourishing period of bamboo shoots is the heaviest, followed by the end period of bamboo shoot, it has a certain relation with shoot fertilizer application. With a ratio of NPK was the major factor which significantly effect on the initial weight, significant effect on the total average weight, the second is the fertilizer amount, significant effect on initial weight. The best combination is NPK. ratio of3:1:2,fertilizer application amount of2000kg-hm"2, fertilization mode is a furrow.6. The contents of N, P, K bamboo shoots and leaves are consistent, which are increased with the corresponding ratio of fertilizer. The factors affecting the relationship between primary and secondary are the same:fertilizer amount>NPK ratio> fertilization method. The N, K content of Bamboo shoots and leaves increased as fertilizer amount which was positively correlated with fertilizer amount, while the P content increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount, and it reached the highest level when the amount of fertilizer is1600kg·hm-2.7. The relationship between the primary and secondary factors of reducing sugar, sugar, sucrose content of total soluble effects are:fertilizer amount>NPK ratio> fertilization method. The optimum combination was NPK5:1:2, fertilizer application amount of1200kg·hm-2, fertilization the furrow fertilization way strip, the latter is broadcast. The proportion of total NPK and fertilizer is the main factor affecting amount of bamboo shoots, bamboo number and weight, shoot, leaf nutrient content of nutrients, fertilization effect of fertilizer utilization rate to a certain extent, its role can not be ignored. In a word, the best result was the factors with a ratio of NPK was3～5:1:2, fertilization amount was1600～2000kg·hm-2, strip furrow.8. Application of organic fertilizer and growth regulators on bamboo shoots yield had significant promoting effect, the regression relationship reached the significant level, and it had certain inhibition effect on shoots number, and the effect on weight improvement is not significant. Shoot yield in treatment6was the highest,8238.25kg～hm-2, that is the best combination of organic fertilizer amount was1.25t·hm-2, application of growth regulators at the dose of5ml/strains. The effect of organic fertilizer was significant, effect of growth regulator along with the increase of the quantity, shoot yield increased firstly and then decreased.9. Fertilization could increase the content of N, P, K elements in bamboo shoots, and There are different effects of different kinds of fertilizer supply ability of bamboo plant nutrients. Between fertilization and no fertilization, the difference was significant. In3different fertilizer treatments, shoot N content had no significant difference; between the composite fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer treatment, the content difference of P and K elements are not significant however, with the organic fertilizer significantly.10. The crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat content of Bamboo shoots in the treatment with organic fertilizer was the highest, which were25.933g·(100g)-1,19.505g·(100g)-1and6.166g·(100g)-1. Followed by inorganic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the lowest is no fertilizer treatment,. Effects of different treatments on crude protein, crude fiber and crude fat content were significant. Analysis of variance showed that, Effects of fertilization and no fertilization of these six kinds of nutrients reached extremely significant level, and there are significant differences among the three different kinds of fertilizer. |
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