| Phyllostachys violascens,as a high-quality bamboo seed for bamboo shoots,is favored by the people and farmers for its delicious taste,good quality,high yield and long shoot-out period.The mulching with organic materials on the bamboo forest can significantly advance the shoot-out stage and greatly improve the economic benefits of the bamboo forest.However,during mulching cultivation,the mulch on the surface will lead to the decrease of soil aeration in bamboo forest,resulting in hypoxia stress,which seriously restricts the growth and development of bamboo.Therefore,the purpose of this experiment is to increase the soil oxygen content of bamboo forest by means of soil buried pipe aeration,compare the effects of mulching(M),aeration+mulching(MA),aeration(A)and control(CK)on the growth and development of bamboo,and explore the effects of soil oxygen content on nutrient absorption,shoot yield and quality of bamboo,so as to provide new technology for promoting the management of bamboo forest.The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1)Under the mulching treatment,the soil temperature of the bamboo forest increased by nearly double,but the soil oxygen content was greatly reduced,and the buried pipe aeration technology could significantly increase the oxygen concentration in the soil.The MA and A treatments were higher than the M treatment and CK,respectively.16.57% and 19.51%(P<0.05),with the increase of soil temperature,the soil oxygen concentration can still be stabilized at 19%～21%.Under the condition of mulching management,this aeration method can not affect the soil temperature.Improve soil oxygen content and improve soil hypoxia to a certain extent.(2)The contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and organic matter in the soil of covered bamboo forest land were significantly reduced by 17.89%,13.26%,10.91% and 28.70% respectively(P<0.05);Under mulching and aeration treatment,the content of total potassium in soil increased by 35.35% and 9.45% respectively(P<0.05),but the increase of oxygen content in soil could not increase the content of available potassium and organic matter;Soil aeration promoted the absorption and utilization of N,P and k elements in soil by roots and leaves of Phyllostachys violascens.Under aeration treatment,the contents of N,P and K in roots increased by 38.57%,17.81% and 12.74%respectively(P<0.05),and the contents of N,P and K in leaves increased by 10.34%,18.54% and 24.07% respectively(P>0.05).(3)The root activity of bamboo could be effectively improved by soil buried pipe aeration.The peak value of Ma treatment was reached in July,which was 52.12%higher than that of the control(P<0.05);The activities of SOD,POD and CAT in roots and leaves of bamboo increased significantly after aeration treatment,which effectively reduced the accumulation of MDA in organs,and the content of MDA in roots and leaves decreased by 63.52% and 69.43% respectively(P<0.05);Soil aeration improved the photosynthetic characteristics of bamboo leaves.Compared with the control,aeration treatment effectively improved the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of bamboo leaves in the whole growth period,which reached the highest in July,and the carbon dioxide concentration reached the lowest under treatment A.(4)Mulching and aeration treatment had a certain effect on the growth of bamboo shoots,but there was no significant difference;Covering cultivation technology can advance the shoot date of bamboo,and aeration technology can help to prolong the shoot period.The shoot time of M treatment is 16 days earlier than CK,and the stop shoot date of MA treatment is 7 days longer than M treatment.The shoot time of bamboo under MA treatment is the longest,reaching 58 days,an increase of56.76% compared with CK(P<0.05).Mulching measures combined with aeration method can greatly improve the shoot yield of bamboo.The shoot yield of MA treatment is twice that of CK(P<0.05);In the whole shoot period,the daily shoot yield increased first and then decreased,reaching the peak on March 15.MA treatment is always higher than CK,Mulching cultivation combined with aeration technology can improve the daily shoot yield.(5)Under aeration treatment,the soluble sugar and starch contents of bamboo shoots increased by 23.30% and 34.65% respectively(P<0.05),while the fat content decreased by 14.17%(P>0.05);Soil aeration had a certain effect on the synthesis of protein,cellulose and lignin,but the difference was not significant;Covering measures had no significant effect on the content of mineral elements in bamboo shoots,but aeration could significantly increase the content of Fe and Se and reduce the content of Cu in bamboo shoots;The order of the contents of elements in bamboo shoots is: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Se,among which the contents of Fe,Mn and Se are the highest under MA treatment.To sum up,the buried pipe aeration can effectively increase the soil oxygen content in the bamboo forest under various treatment,improve the soil aeration,be conducive to the growth and development of bamboo,promote the absorption of soil nutrients by the main organs of bamboo,and enhance its stress resistance and photosynthetic capacity,so as to improve the yield and quality of bamboo.Buried pipe aeration is an effective technology to ensure the sustainable management of bamboo forest cultivation. |
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