Research On The Waterscape Of The Ancient Hakka Village Of Peitian In Fujian Province

Water system is the material basis for formation and development of ancient villages. Landscape construction contains a deep philosophical thought, as well as the superb engineering feat, which is an integral part of traditional settlements landscape. Peitian village, which saved relatively intact in Hakka region in the west of Fujian province, was built in the Ming and Qing dynasty, and also displayed by representatives of the Hakka culture and its regional characteristics. This paper has been selected the waterscape of the ancient Hakka village of Peitian in Liancheng city as the research object, which is a pure Hakka county in the west of Fujian province, and explores the formation of the waterscape of the Peitian ancient village on the basis of the analysis of natural environment, historical evolution, economic development, and social environment. Then conduct detailed analysis of the waterscape spatial morphology and imagery. At last, propose protecting ideas for the waterscape of the ancient Hakka village of Peitian. Research methods were used in this paper containing literature research method, interdisciplinary research method, case study method, field work, qualitative analysis. Conclusions of the study are summarized in the following five major aspects.(1) Natural environment, historical evolution, economic development, and social environment in four dimensions together constitute the preconditions and constraints for the occurrence and development of the waterscape of the ancient Hakka village of Peitian.(2) Based on its unique regional mountain terrain and the spatial relationship with Heyuan stream, this paper inferred that the site type of the Peitian ancient village belong to the Ao position. Ancient village sites are not only objective selection to the natural conditions, but also subjective pursuit to survival and development. The occurrence of the waterscape of the ancient Hakka village of Peitian was shaped by natural environmental factors, socio-cultural and economic and technological factors. The waterscape of the ancient village is generated on the basis of water resources utilization.(3) From the perspective of the waterscape spatial morphology to analyze that the waters of the ancient Hakka village of Peitian were divided into point-like, thread-like and area-like waterscape. Point-like waterscape formed by ponds and ancient wells, and ponds contain the month pond and the pool. Thread-like waterscape formed by penstocks and the stream. Area-like waterscape formed by the water gap and the lotus pond. The point-like, thread-like waterscape and the other structures constitute the water gap.(4) From the perspective of the overall space layout of the ancient village to analyze that the Heyuan stream constitutes the basic framework, and ancient houses, ponds, ancient wells, pavilions, bridges and other unit structures constitute the landscape subject, and penstocks and roads constitute the landscape link. From the perspective of the landscape structure of the ancient village to analyze that Eight Human Scenes of Peitian village is the artificial landscape existing in the internal or the surrounding area of the ancient houses group, and Eight Natural Scenes of Peitian village is the natural landscape existing in the marginal or the peripheral area of the ancient village. From the spatial relationship between water system and the surroundings to analyze that waterscape can be divided into the open space, the semi-open space and the enclosed space.(5) Combined with the actual situation of the ancient Hakka village of Peitian, this paper suggests the protection thought for the ancient Hakka village of Peitian, which mainly covering aspects of life and production, ecology and humanity. In order to achieve organic renewal and sustainable development of the ancient Hakka village of Peitian, this paper purposes the new pattern for the protection and development plan of this ancient village that, architecture for the main body, waterscape for the extension, and architecture leads waterscape, waterscape softens architecture, and both of them reinforce each other, merge with each other for common development.