| The Party’s18th meeting puts the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position, puts forward striving to build’Beautiful China’as a developing goal and to realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Rural landscape has important ecological function, and’Beautiful Country’is also an important part of ’Beautiful China’. With the rapid development of urbanization in our country, rural landscape is witnessing profound changes under the impact of urbanization. With the advent of the era of leisure in China, rural tourism is rapidly rising, which having good landscape resource conditions of rural areas will usher a rapid development period. In the background, rural landscape planning will plays an extremely important role in constructing’Beautiful Country’, which blends natural and cultural landscape. The purpose of this paper is to explore the rural landscape planning patterns that is suited to the characteristics of the southwest hilly region, and select Matan village in Tongliang county as an example for empirical study. The main research conclusions are as follows:(1) Analysis of the classification system of rural landscape in southwest hilly region. According to the related research theories and methods of landscape classification, and according to some principles and requirements, such as the scale, comprehensive, and the leading factor, classified, the combination of qualitative and quantitative, highlight the characteristics of rural landscape resources. Based on the relevant principles of landscape ecology, and according to the classification method of function and pattern, rural landscape in southwest hilly region can be divided into4level classification systems, including landscape area, landscape type, landscape unit and landscape element. Landscape area refers to the macro scale of southwest hilly rural landscape area. Landscape type is according to the degree of interference of human activities on landscape, including natural landscape, semi-natural landscape, artificial landscape. Landscape unit is based on the differences of landscape structure and function, combining with the characteristics of land use and further divisions of landscape type. Natural landscape includes natural forest landscape, natural water landscape, natural river landscape and natural lawn landscape. Semi-natural landscape includes farmland landscape, garden landscape, artificial forest landscape. Artificial landscape includes settlement landscape, road landscape, irrigation landscape. Landscape elements is the most obvious characteristics of land use according to the constituent elements of landscape unit further divided. Farmland landscape includes paddy field, dry land landscape.(2) Analysis of the basic characteristics of rural landscape in southwest hilly region. Because of the complex and varied landform characteristics, traditional farming practices, rural settlement layout and cultural practices, forming a strong local characteristics of rural landscape in southwest hilly region. Compared with the rural landscape in plain area, rural landscape in southwest hilly region has some basic characteristics, such as high degree of landscape fragmentation, high diversity of landscape type, scattered rural settlement landscape, farmland landscape area is not large, terraced landscape widely distributed, easy to form forest land on the top of slope, garden land in the middle of slope, farmland and waters under the slope, cultural landscape is rich.(3) Build the evaluating model of rural landscape in southwest hilly region. This article constructs by a target layer,5project layers,9factor layers and35indicator layers, project layers include economic value, social value, ecological value, aesthetics value and cultural value of rural landscape in southwest hilly region, and factor layers include economic, social, ecological stability, landscape heterogeneity, naturalness, orderliness, spatiality, diversity and culture. Through the process of standardizing for evaluation index, combining the AHP of subjective weight method and entropy value method and mean square error method of objective weight method to calculate the weight of evaluation index, use multi-objective linear weighting function method to build the evaluation model of rural landscape in southwest hilly region, then be applied to rural landscape evaluation practice of the study area. The evaluation results show that, from factor layer analysis, partition1is better on social, ecological stability, landscape heterogeneity, naturalness, diversity, culture. Partition2is better on economic and spatiality. Partition3is better on orderliness. From project layers, partition1is better on ecological value, aesthetics value and cultural value. Three partitions have a little difference on social value.(4) Build the planning model of rural landscape in southwest hilly region. On the basis of resource investigation and comprehensive evaluation of rural landscape in southwest hilly region, guided by the theory of landscape ecology, under the policy guidance of modern agriculture and rural tourism, build the planning model of rural landscape in southwest hilly region. From the perspective of rural farmland landscape, forest landscape, garden landscape, road landscape, landscape, water landscape, ditch landscape, settlements landscape and cultural landscape, build planning model of rural landscape in southwest hilly region. Rural farmland landscape planning should pay attention to farmland patches and farmland crops collocation. Rural forest landscape planning should pay attention to the choice of tree species, should be given priority to economic forest tree crops. Rural garden landscape planning should focus on garden location, tree species selection, tree planting, Leisure planning. Rural road landscape planning should pay attention to the road layout hierarchy, road line selection, choice of pavement material, ecological compensation. Rural ditch landscape planning should pay attention to the layout to select, ditches materials, ecological compensation. Rural water landscape planning should be prominent ecological and aesthetic, paid attention to the value of leisure. Rural settlement landscape planning should focus on settlement layout, building style, the green settlements. Rural cultural landscape planning should pay attention to dig deep and protection of the folklore of rural culture. Finally, applying to rural landscape planning practice of the study area, and planning the whole study area divide into9functional areas, including the area of black crop, the area of boutique nursery stock, the area of keeping in good health, the area of new village demonstration, the area of facility agriculture, the area of vegetable production, the area of picking fruit, the area of enjoy fishing, the area of riverside recreation. Then make the detailed agricultural industry and tourism planning, clearly point out the direction for the future development of rural landscape in the study area. |
