A Study On Car To Electric-Two-Wheeler Collisions And Riders’Dynamic Responses

This study aimed to identify the scenario and general characteristics of the car toelectric two-wheeler collision accident, the dynamics response and the characteristicsof car to rider collision, the causes of the rider injuries, injury distribution andcharacteristics, which forms background knowledge for development of injuryprotective technique.Two approaches were used in this study. One is accident statistic analysis andanother computer simulation. The accident analysis was divided into two parts:①Inorder to obtain a general view of accident features, injury frequencies and severitiesin accidents involved electric two-wheelers, the1418cases occurred during the periodof2004-2010were collected from CTPAD (Changsha Traffic Police AccidentDatabase); The collected data were statistically analysed;②The impact scenarios,the impact velocities and the head impact location on cars were investigated based on224car-electric two-wheeler collision cases from IVAC (In-depth Investigation of CarAccident in Changsha) database. The computer simulations were also divided into twoparts:①A comparative study was carried out to identify the difference of headimpact time, relative impact velocities and angles in collisions with sedan and1box,respectively. The12cases of collisions between cars and electric two-wheelers werereconstructed based on in-depth accident investigation by using multi-body dynamicprogram PC-Crash; The rider dynamic responses during collisions were analyzed anddiscussed.②The MADYMO software for kinetic analysis was used to establish asimulation model of the car-electric two-wheelers collision. Based on the results fromin-depth accident investigation，the simulation conditions were defined for analysis ofthe rider response during a collision; Simulations were carried out for study ofinfluence of the variables on the rider collision response by using control variables ofvehicle type, car collision speed， electric two-wheelers travel speed， electrictwo-wheeler collision angle.Acccident data analysis form CTPAD shows that the most prominent car typeswere passenger cars. The head injury was the main reason that resulted in severeinjuries or deaths. The lower extremity was the most frequent injury location. Thelikelihood of fatal and severe injuries were hightest among the elderly riders over theage of65. There was no significant difference between male casualties and females. Analysis of in-depth acccident data from IVAC shows that the most prominent impactscenarios were frontal and side impact.From results of accident reconstructions, it was found that the vehicle impactspeed has statistically significant effects to the head injury related parameters,including head impact time，head impact relattive velocity. The riders’ head impactangle in collisions with sedan were larger than that of riders in collisio ns with1box.Parametric study indicates that the different frontal structure of cars caused differentresponse of rider’s head, chest and pelvis. The response values of the injuryparameters were rising when impact velocities increased. The velocities of electrictwo-wheeler had a influence on rider ’s head lateral impact location in collision withsedan.The results from current study have practical meaning in developments ofvehicle safety and the prevention of traffic injuries．...