The Architecture Space And Protection Research On SMRC Residential Communities Sun Lijuan

In recent period, Changchun Affiliated Zone of the SMRC, as a special urban areas, the construction of it’s residential communities presents a deformity of the development under the background of building in the colonies, has the particularity in level of space form and culture. To research the formation, development and evolution characteristics, and building exterior and interior space layout features of the SMRC residential communities is the important link to further understand modern Changchun city and the formation, development and evolution of residential communities.In November1906, the Japanese government established the South Manchuria Railway Co., LTD (whose Japanese name was "south Manchuria Railway Company", hereinafter referred to as "ManTie") in Tokyo to manage South Manchuria Railway. While in1908,"ManTie" forcedly purchased more than5.5km land between Toudaogou and Erdaogou with illegal means, and began to build Changchun Railway Station (now site) in this land and ManTie affiliated zone around this area, so started the colonial rule. As continuous development and expansion of "ManTie", the scope of the colony was continuously increased, and a large number of immigrants also kept coming, most of which were railway workers as represented. In order to settle staff and meet the needs of the colonial rule,"ManTie" started member residential investment and development. At the beginning of foundation, they firstly constructed house members in Dalian, Fengtian and Changchun. The completion of Changchun membership residential construction was in early MingZhi41-42(1909-1910). In the continuous development and expansion of the SMRC, a large number of immigrants kept coming, among which were huge railway worker, which also brought huge housing pressure. In order to meet the needs of the colonial rule, the SMRC began to a lot of development and investment on member residential communities. After the initial construction, with the expansion of the affiliated zone, the SMRC member residential communities were also constantly expanded the scope of construction. Although the SMRC did not fully realized the housing supply plan formulated before finally, in the construction process of its affiliated zone, a set of housing supply system still progressively established, which also was the distribution standard of the member residential communities. This supply system standard was divided according to the SMRC worker’s status and residential quality level, which mainly including residential area, the bedroom scale and heating, and the bathroom configuration, etc.The paper has four chapters. It is mainly disscussed on the Changchun "SMRC residential communities"formation process, classification standard, building indoor and outdoor space characteristics and construction technology, etc.under the background of the development of Changchun "SMRC affiliated zone". Through the field examination, inspection and comprehensive historical data and diagrams, it analyses and researches planning construction and space characteristics of the member residential in Changchun SMRC affiliated zone. As the large-scale urban construction in1980s, in consideration of the little remains of the member residential at present, the author explains the author’s comments and Suggestions on protecting and reusing the member residential as for this issue.Overall, the member residential constructed under the special background of "ManTie" was influenced by new idea at that time, and the design and construction of the member residential applied more advanced technology and methods in winter protection technology, heating and ventilation technology, even or the space layout of the residential building lighting measures at that time. These buildings with colonial style have clear characteristics and advanced technical measures, and become the more advanced residential representative of that historical period. These houses with colonial style have distinct characteristics, which deeply effect on the construction of modern Changchun and even the northeast cities; of course it has a certain historical and academic value.