Study On The Water Environment Situation Of Surface Water And Pollution Control Countermeasure

Regional surface water environmental quality assessment is animportant part of Hydrology and Water Resources, and it is the basic workof planning, development, utilization, protection and management of waterresource. With the development of economy, the quality of water wasgetting worse and worse, which directly restricted the sustainabledevelopment of society and economy. The level of economic developmentwas unbalanced in different areas in Wangcheng county of Changsha city,and the feather of the pollution of regional water environment was diversein the region, so the knowledge of the condition and feather of the surfacewater function area pollution of rural circumstance in this region was veryimportant both in theory and realism to control surface water pollution ofrural circumstance, improve the ecological environment and realizing theharmonized development of economy and environment.By sampling and analyzing the pollution of surface water function areaabout rural circumstance in typical regions of Wangcheng county, thearticle summarized the condition of the water circumstance, and analyzedthe main pollution indexes of regional difference; it analyzed and evaluatedthe situation of the water pollution that in rural surface water function areain three typical regions of Wangcheng county with single factor evaluatingmethod and Nemerow index; the paper also analyzed the influences ofmacroscopic impact factors. The results showed as follows:(1)Whole situation: The surface water quality of Wangcheng County in2011was not optimistic, which even didn’t obtain the third standard ofwater. The six main pollution parameters were: BOD5, NH3-N, Fe, oil types,total nitrogen, and coliforms.(2) Single factor evaluation: The main pollution parameters of theWangcheng County waterwork were Fe, total nitrogen and coliforms, theywere within the legal limits, exceed multiples’ range were:0.07～3.47,0.7～4.12,1.2～53, respectively. Shengli research area’s main pollutionparameters were Fe, total nitrogen and coliforms and oil types, their exceedmultiples’ range were:0.26~2.73、0.89~4.1、1.9~15、0.2~22, respectively.The main pollution parameters of Jingjiang River were the same as Wangcheng waterworks, their exceed multiples’ range were0.3~3.17、0.54~3.4、2.1~15, respectively.(3) Variation tendency of the pollution concentration: Monitoring dataof the whole year showed that the out limits of BOD5, NH3-N and oil typeswere incidental, there were no reliable rules. However, pollution parametersof Fe, the total nitrogen and coliforms were out of limits all the year.(4) Nemerow multi-factor index evaluation: Among the six pollutionparameters, the status of BOD5and NH3-N were optimistic, basic within thesecurity scope. However, Fe and the total nitrogen were present a moderatepollution. More seriously, the evaluation results of oils types and coliformswere serious contamination.(5) Correlation and regional difference analysis: There was goodcorrelation between BOD5and oil types, NH3-N, and the correlation indexeswere0.346and0.342, respectively. The correlations between the totalnitrogen and NH3-N, Fe were quite stable, there were0.329and0.289. Thecorrelation between other pollutions parameters were relatively poor, andeven had a negative correlation. At different times, each pollutant will existsome regional difference.(6)Control countermeasure: the author put forward the macroscopicmeasures of the surface water environment pollution control and relevantsuggestions: Wangcheng county can strengthen environmental protectiondevotion, the control of industrial pollution and the major area pollutiontreatment; it can also strengthen the construction of agricultural pollution,of course, it is necessary to pay attention the influence of industrialdevelopment.