The Fauna Of Orthoptera In Nonggang Nature Reserve Of Guangxi And Study On DNA Barcoding Of Selected Species

Orthoptera is the largest group in the incompete metamorphosis insect. Most of species are typical polyphagous, many species are extremely harmful in agriculture and forestry.The fauna composition of Orthoptera in Nonggang Nature Reserve of Guangxi is analyzed in the study.20kinds of grasshoppers and210samples were amplificated by using mitochondrial COI gene and ITS sequences. The conclusions are as follows:1. Fauna composition of Orthoptera from Nonggang National Nature Reserve of Guangxi.As a result of systematic inverstigation, a total of255species of Orthoptera belonging to7superfamilies18family and125genera were recorded from Nonggang Nature Reserve, of which11species were recorded for the first time from Guangxi, and1genus and61species were reported as new records of Nonggang Nature Reserve. Two new nomenclatures were proposed, i.e. Tetrix neozhengi Huang Nom. nov. and Euparatettix zhengi Huang Nom. nov. were proposed as replacement names of Tetrix longzhouensis Zheng,2004and Euparatettix longipennis (Zheng et Jiang,2000) respectively.At the level of the word animal geographical divisions, the fauna of longicorn beetles of Nonggang Nature Reserve are predominantly represented by the Oriental species, having a close relationship with Palaearctic region. At the level of Chinese animal geographical division, the components of south China region are the prevalent groups of the fauna, which is closely relevant with central, southwestern and north China while has a distant relationship with Northeast region, Mongol Xinjiang and Qinghai Tibet region.2. The molecular systematics analysis of part grasshoppers base on COI、ITS1、ITS2gene sequence.The study analyzed the nucleotide sequence features, gl test, the intraspecies distinction, BCM test and use maximum parsimony,(MP), Bayesian (BI), neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analysis to construst the phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that all species with enough samples and signifinant differentiations of morphologically closely relates species formed monophyletic clades in the phylogenetic trees at the species level.The results of phylogenetic analysis of a few morphologically closely relates species were inconsistent with those of morphologically studies:(1) The Phylogenetic position Longgenacris rufiantennus Zheng et Wei,2003.The species of Longgenacris rufiantennus Zheng et Wei,2003and Longgenacris maculacarina You et Li,1983are the genu of Longgenacris You&Li,1983. By comparing morphological studies found that Longgenacris rufiantennus and Longgenacris maculacarina are large differences, however, Longgenacris rufiantennus and Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis of the genu of Longgenacris are closer.The evidence of molecular suggests that Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis and Longgenacris rufiantennus are mixed together in the trees and did not form reciprocal morphologically clade by according to species and geographic groups, the interspecific distance is4.65%between Longgenacris rufiantennus and Longgenacris maculacarina, the interspecific distance is0.16%between Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis and Longgenacris rufiantennus. Therefore, from the morphological and molecular evidence suggests that the relationships between Longgenacris rufiantennus and Longgenacris maculacarina are farther, the Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis and Longgenacris rufiantennus are closer. Longgenacris rufiantennus Zheng et Wei,2003should belong to the genu of Fruhstorferiola Willemse,1921and is synonyms of Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis (Willemse,1921).(2) The phylogeny of Tonkinacris Carl,1916.By comparing morphological studies found that Tonkinacris damingshanus Li et al,1991and Tonkinacris dcoratus Carl,1916are not significant differences. Tonkinacris meridionalis Li,1986with some characteristics of both Tonkinacris sinensis Chang,1937and Tonkinacris decorates. Individuals Tonkinacris decorates, Tonkinacris and damingshanus Tonkinacris meridionalis are indicated a close relationship among the phylogenetic trees:((Tonkinacris decorates+Tonkinacris damingshanus)+Tonkinacris meridionalis)). the interspecific distances is0.57%between Tonkinacris damingshanus and Tonkinacris dcoratus; the interspecific distances is1.38%between Tonkinacris damingshanus and Tonkinacris meridionalis; the interspecific distances is1.38%between Tonkinacris meridionalis and Tonkinacris dcoratus. from the morphological and molecular evidence suggests that the Tonkinacris damingshanus Li et al,1991is synonyms of Tonkinacris dcoratus Carl,1916.(3) The phylogeny of Fruhstorferiola viridifemorata (Caudell,1921) and Fruhsforferiola omei (Rehn et Rehn,1939).Among the three species of Fruhstorferiola viridifemorata (Caudell,1921), Fruhstorferiola huangshanensis Bi et Xia,1980and Fruhsforferiola omei (Rehn et Rehn,1939)did not form reciprocal monophyletic clade. the interspecific distances is1.34%between Fruhstorferiola viridifemorata and Fruhstorferiola huangshanensis; Fruhstorferiola viridifemorata and Fruhsforferiola omei are0.67%from the interspecific distance; the interspecific distances is1.21%between Fruhstorferiola huangshanensis and Fruhsforferiola omei. the genetic distance is small from interspecific, Due to insufficient samples, the relationship between them needs further research.(4) The success of rate detection from Molecular identification barcode.The20kinds of grasshoppers of COI gene sequences are analyzed through Best Close Match(BCM) and All Species Barcodes(ASB). BCM calculations that Correct identifications according to "Best Match"190(90.7%), ambiguous according to "Best Match":15(8.57%), incorrect identifications according to "Best Match":2(0.95%). Correct sequence was analyzed by ASB is correct identifications according to "Best Match"165(79.32%), ambiguous according to "Best Match":43(20.68%), incorrect identifications according to "Best Match":0. The results of both analyzes ambiguous sequences mainly Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis and Longgenacris rufiantennus.