Location And Layout Research Of Urban Emergency Shelters Based On GIS

In recent years, seismic activity occurs frequently in the world wide, which causesthe great loss of life and property of the people in the world. As an earthquake-pronecountry, city whose seismic intensity is greater than or equal to7degrees numbersaccount for45%in china, which makes the earthquake to become a primary threat tothe safety of china cities.Accompanying the quickened progress of the modernized construction of Chinesecities, area and number and population density of cities is increasing. But the integralanti-seismic and disaster-resisting capacity of cities is far behind the development ofurban modernization. Earthquake will cause a great loss of city. Therefore, it is anoncoming train that how to improve urban disaster-resisting capacity and protect thelives and property of residents. In order to mitigate the impact of earthquake disasterand loss of urban, many countries or regions is researching the anti-seismic measuresand coping strategies. As an important part of urban earthquake disaster reduction,importance of emergency shelter has been recognized by a growing number of expertsand department leaders. Emergency shelter’s planning and construction has become anurgent task for China’s urban disaster prevention and mitigation.Urban earthquake emergency shelters are built in response to the emergent urbandisasters, providing safe refuge, basic livelihood guarantee to the residents. Now somecountries have established a large number of emergency shelters, including urban greenspace, parks, schools, playgrounds and sports stadiums and other places. These placescan improve the ecological environment, beautify the city and play the evacuationfunction when disaster occurs. Generally, emergency shelters are divided into threecategories in china: emergency shelter, fixed emergency shelter and central emergencyshelter. Three types of places bear different refuge functions, plays a significant role inimproving urban seismic capacity and system of urban disaster to protect the lives andproperty of the people.This article studies location and layout of the earthquake emergency shelters basedon GIS. Firstly, definitions and functions of emergency shelters are analyzed todetermine the status and role of different types of emergency shelters in the city. Studiesof theoretical methods and construction experience of various countries on emergencyshelters are summarized; secondly, based on theoretical study of the location and layout of emergency shelters, we determined influencing factors on emergency location,evaluation index system, evaluation method and evaluation processes. Shelters thatmeet the needs are selected to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.Concerning the size and layout of the emergency shelter, the article refers to theexperience of emergency shelter construction at home and abroad to determine the sizeestimation methods of shelters, providing a basis for determining the size of the cityshelter. At last, taking the main city of Jinan City for example, the main cityresponsibility zoning map of emergency shelters is drawn to prove the feasibility of theresearch theory and methods, providing a reference for planning and construction ofemergency shelters in china.