Study On The Operating Mechanism Of Tobacco Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives In Shandong

The development of tobacco farmers’ professional cooperatives is of major significanceto promote land circulation, to realize the scale of tobacco production, to implement thestandardization, to construct modern tobacco agriculture, to reduce costs, to increase farmers’income, to absorb the surplus labor, to stabilize the rural community and to constructcomprehensively the new rural. So, in recent years, there have been a large number of tobaccofarmers’ professional cooperatives throughout the country, especially in Shandong province.However, there are many tobacco farmers’ professional cooperatives can not operate properly,due to the organization and management mechanism, the service and operating mechanisms,the income and distribution mechanism, the supervision and incentive mechanism.Therefore, to study on the operating mechanism of tobacco farmers professional cooperativesis necessary.In this paper, we make a systematic study on the operation mechanism of tobaccofarmers’ professional cooperatives in Shandong, adopting the methods of combination ofliterature retrieval, questionnaire investigation and on-the-spot investigation, the combinationof empirical analysis and normative analysis, the combination of the macro analysis andmicroscopic analysis, the combination of qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis.Firstly, at the basic of clarifying the connotation and particularity of the tobacco farmers′professional cooperatives, clearing the connotation, structure and the relationship betweeneach other about operation mechanism of the tobacco farmers′professional cooperatives, andthe related basic theories. Secondly, by means of the analysis about the information obtainedby the survey, we summarize the characteristics, performance and the problems of theoperation mechanism of the tobacco farmers′professional cooperatives in Shandong. Finallywe put forward the measures of consummating the operating mechanism of the tobaccofarmers′professional cooperatives in Shandong.Through the study, we get the following conclusion:(1) The operating mechanisms oftobacco farmers′professional cooperatives consist of the organization and managementmechanism, the service and operating mechanisms, the income and distribution mechanism,the supervision and incentive mechanism and so on. Among them, the organization andmanagement mechanism is the footstone of the operating mechanisms, the service andoperating mechanisms is the carrier of realizing the cooperatives′function, the income anddistribution mechanism is the core of the operating mechanisms, the supervision and incentivemechanism is the guarantee of good operation environment.(2) Through the study on the development of tobacco farmers′professional cooperatives in Shandong province, we getsome characteristics. For example, there are very fast development on the whole cooperativesand big differences in the development of different types of cooperatives, there areimbalanced development of cooperatives in different areas and different potential between thecooperatives, there are various launch forms and the tobacco companies play an improvingrole. And there are many remarkable effects in the development of cooperatives. Such as, topromote land circulation, to realize the scale of tobacco production, to speed up theconversion of scientific and technological, to provide higher quality and professional service,to construct modern tobacco agriculture, to increase the production of the higher qualitytobacco, to reduce costs and to absorb the surplus labor, and to increase farmers’ income.(3)Through the study on the operating mechanisms of tobacco farmers′professional cooperativesin Shandong province, we find there are so many problems. In the angle of the organizationand management mechanism, there are nonstandard organizations, ambiguous responsibilitiesdistribution，unsound regime，lower ability managers, unbefitting risk management measuresand so on. In the angle of the service and operating mechanisms, there are less species andsmall range of professional service, the trust crisis, poor stability of professional team, theuntimely deployment and repair of machinery, the unreasonable utilization of tobaccoagricultural infrastructure and so on. In the angle of the income and distribution mechanism,there are nonstandard distribution forms, the chaotic financial management, less capitalaccumulation, the obvious Matthew Effect and so on. In the angle of the supervision andincentive mechanism, the Strength and range of supervision and incentive are insufficient.(4)We summarize the effects and shortages in the running of operating mechanisms of tobaccofarmers′professional cooperatives by two standard and fruitful cooperatives, Yilin machinerycooperatives and Jinmeng comprehensive tobacco famers’ professional cooperatives.(5) Inorder to improve the operating mechanisms of tobacco farmers′professional cooperatives, weshould take some basic measures. For example, to optimize the organization and managementmechanism by standard organizations, perfect regimes, clarify responsibility, improve themanagement ability and increase the risk management measures; to optimize the service andoperating mechanisms by expanding and improving professional services, stabilizing theprofessional team，arranging reasonably the work of machinery and making full use of thetobacco infrastructure; to optimize the income and distribution mechanism by unifieddistribution forms, improving the financial management system and strengthen thecooperatives "blood-refreshing" function and balancing cooperatives′development; to optimize the supervision and incentive mechanism by increasing the potency dimension ofsupervision and strengthening the incentive policy.(6) In order to improve the operatingmechanisms of tobacco farmers′professional cooperatives，we should take some supportingmeasures to achieve scale and intensification of tobacco agriculture. Such as to refine lawsand regulations, to optimize the market economy system, to strength the role of scientific andtechnological, to accelerate the development of secondary and tertiary industries and so on，...