Study On Function Of Science And Technology To Agriculture Under The Paradigm Of Merton’s Functional Analysis

At present, the technology has become a powerful driving force in promoting agricultural development. Modern technology is a double-edged sword for agriculture, the one hand, modern technology is playing an important role in increasing food production and improving crop varieties, improving production efficiency, optimizing the management of agricultural production, so is in promoting sales of agricultural products; on the other hand, modern science and technology has been bring a lot of unexpected consequences to human:highly mechanized, long-term monoculture, extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.All of those, has not only deepened the energy crisis, and also made serious deterioration to soil structure, with soil erosion and environmental pollution, and the crisis of agricultural product quality safety appear gradually.This paper uses the core concepts of science and technology, agriculture functions assisted by Merton’s functionalist paradigm, functional theory, as well as methods of social investigation and statistical methods of social survey, set Shuangsheng village and Liangzhongchang village for the sample regions, has conducted in-depth study on the positive and negative features of modern technology to agriculture.Firstly, we have proved by describing China’s agricultural technology innovation and the history of agricultural development that during the history of Chinese traditional agricultural production, agricultural science and technology bring impact to agriculture through improving farm tools, innovativing farming methods and improving the degree of intensification of agriculture.Secondly, in modern society, there are four types of science and technology embedding in agriculture:(1)type of labor-alternatived.The core substance is the advanced agricultural machinery tools alternativing agricultural laborers in rural communities;(2) type of land-alternatived.The core substance is use of chemical fertilizers,chemical pesticides,and improved seeds to increasing rate of land output in rural communities;(3) type of Labor-improved.Its core meaning is the use of advanced scientific knowledge, technology, methods of producing making the population resources of rural communities become human resources;(4)type of Land-improved.Its core meaning is the use of the technology of water conservancy facilities, agricultural production greenhouse and the modern equipments helping improve the quality of arable land in the rural community.Then, the function modern science and technology makes to agriculture includes:to improve the structure of employment in agriculture, to increase farmers knowledge and skills of produce,to change farmers’ behavior and awareness, and to improve agricultural manage systems and mode of agricultural operation.Finally,in the sample region,the negative function of modern technology to agriculture is manifested mainly in the incorrect use of chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides and irrigation to drip irrigation,resulting in the retrogression of the agricultural production. Negative function of modern technology to agriculture can be attributed to farmers’ blind worship and lack of a correct understanding of modern science and technology.Positive function and anti-function of modern technology in agriculture have proved that farmers have to enhance the interest and avoid the harm of science and technology.