Research On Multipath Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Ant Colony Algorithm

Wireless sensor networks are a special kind of self-organizing networks. Comparing to traditional Ad hoc networks they are similar to each other but there are big differences, in which the energy constraint is a key factor, so designing energy efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks is a challenge for researchers. The micro nodes of wireless sensor networks are usually deployed in harsh environments, in which situation the energy of the node can not be added. In addition, node failure brought about dynamic changes of the network topology, therefore, it’s necessary to design wireless sensor network routing protocol to adapt to the characteristics of wireless sensor networks.Firstly,This paper introduce the general structure of wireless sensor networks, characteristics and key network routing technology. And in-depth analysis of the ant colony algorithm and some of the improved algorithm, Then overview of wireless ad hoc networks, multi-path routing protocol research some of the latest work, a typical multi-path routing protocol in-depth introduction, with emphasis introduced AntHocNet protocol.As has already made some of the ant colony algorithm based on multi-path routing protocols, such as used in the Ad Hoc network AntHocNet protocol, did not consider node energy, and energy effectiveness can not be done well, therefore, based on AntHocNet agreement combination ant colony algorithm theory, a multi-path routing ant colony algorithm, denoted by MABR. The algorithm in the following improvements have been made.The MABR improvements the packet structure of the ant algorithm, the pheromone update formula, multi-path mechanisms. Specifically, the forward ant packet is added a field about the minimum energy node on the link (Emin field), the field is recorded before the path through which the ants on the energy value of the minimum energy node; In pheromone update formula, we consider the node delay and the energy factor, the pheromone update formula in this article pheromone update formula can be expressed as the reciprocal of the number of hops multiplied by the current after the ants all of the minimum node remaining energy (MBR) and backward ants send delay product; and as to multi-path mechanisms, Multi-path establish mechanisms for improvement, to create more optional link disjoint multi-path information. Described below, the intermediate nodes prior to the receipt of the text to the ants reported, if the intermediate nodes store the routing information of each path information in S Ri hop count is less than the ant packet hops of the path information, then discard the ant request packets. Instead, forward the ants request packet. In this way forward the packet, the source node and destination node is established between a number of alternative paths. On the data transmission phase, the probability of selection by the formula, to choose a better way to send data. Compare to AntHocNet, the ability to build more of the optional path information.Then, from the quantitative aspects of analysis and evaluation of the MABR performance of the algorithm and it is with the AODV protocol, AOMDV protocol comparison. Simulation results show that:with AODV, AOMDV protocol compared, MABR agreement to improve energy-efficiency and prolong network lifetime there have been greatly improved, while reducing the packet end to end delay.